Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law is housed in the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
CDDRL Publications
Publications
Publications
Filter:
Filter results Close
The Americas
Caribbean
Antigua & Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
North America
Canada
Mexico
United States
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Asia-Pacific
Northeast Asia
China
Japan
Mongolia
North Korea
South Korea
Taiwan
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
South Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
East Timor
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Europe
Eastern Europe
Albania
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Kosovo
Macedonia
Montenegro
Romania
Serbia
Central Europe
Austria
Czech Republic
Germany
Hungary
Liechtenstein
Poland
Slovakia
Slovenia
Switzerland
Iberian Peninsula
Andorra
Portugal
Spain
Scandinavia and Baltic Rim
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
Sweden
Western Europe
Belgium
Cyprus
France
Greece
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Malta
Monaco
Netherlands
San Marino
United Kingdom
Vatican City
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Russia and Eurasia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
D.R. Congo
Congo
Côte d'Ivoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Säo Tomé & Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Governance
Corruption
Democracy
Democracy promotion
Disaster response
Staff
Elections
European Union
Health care institutions
Health Care Reform
Homeland Security
Human Rights
Information Technology
Intelligence
Institutions and Organizations
International Law
Kyoto Protocol
Media
Military
NATO
Negotiation
Peacekeeping
Nuclear policy
Policy Analysis
Rule of Law
State-building
World Bank
World Trade Organization
Publication Series
AHPP Working Paper Series
APARC In-House Series
Shorenstein APARC Studies with Stanford University Press
International Relations
Agricultural trade
Borders
Business
Diplomacy
Foreign Aid
Foreign Policy
Globalization
HIV/AIDS
Investment
Migration and Citizenship
Protectionism
Trade
Health and Medicine
Children's health
Early Childhood Development
Health
Vision Care
Comparative effectiveness research
Diabetes
Health policy
Hypertension
Hunger
Disease
Global Health
Health and the Environment
Health Care
Health Outcomes
Nutrition
Obesity
Population health
Public Health
Smoking
International Development
In the Classroom
Technology
Agriculture policy
Cleantech
Economic Affairs
Education
Entrepreneurship
Food Markets
Food Security
Innovation
Poverty
Science and Technology
Security
Arms Control
Arms Smuggling
Biosecurity
Bioterrorism
Civil Wars
Conflict
Crime
Cybersecurity
Drug trafficking
Kidnapping
Missiles
Nuclear Risk
Nuclear Safety
Terrorism
Torture convention
Violence
Energy
Biofuels
Cap and Trade
Coal
Electricity
Energy and Climate Policy
Energy Infrastructure
Energy Services
Fossil Fuels
Natural gas
Nuclear Energy
Natural gas
Renewable Resources
Oil
Water
Environment
Palm Oil
Agriculture
Aquaculture
Climate
Climate change
Deforestation
Fisheries
Natural Resources
Sustainable development
Society
Aging
Inclusion and Exclusion
Inequality
Migration
Migration and Citizenship
Race
SAI
Culture
Demographics
Discrimination
Ethnicity
Gender
History
Islam
Religion
Abstracts
Blogs
Books
Book Chapters
Case Studies
Conference Memos
Commentary
Dissertations
Journal Articles
News
Policy Briefs
Q&As
Testimonies
White Papers
Reports
Working Papers
Annual Reports
Brochures
Newsletters
Working Papers
Heroes and Villains: The Effects of Heroism on Autocratic Values and Nazi Collaboration in France
Julia Cage, Anna Dagorret, Pauline A. Grosjean, Saumitra Jha
Stanford GSB,
2021
January 8, 2021
We measure the effects of a network of heroes in legitimizing and diffusing extreme political behaviors. Exploiting newly-declassified intelligence files, novel voting data and regimental histories, we show the home municipalities of French line regiments arbitrarily rotated through Philippe Petain's command during the heroic WWI battle of Verdun, though similar before WWI, increasingly espouse Petain's authoritarian political views thereafter, raising 7% more active Nazi collaborators per capita during the Petain-led Vichy regime (1940-44). The effects are similar across joining Fascist parties, German forces, paramilitaries hunting Jews and the Resistance, and collaborating economically.
Commentary
From the State of Vanguards to the House of Kofta: Reflections on Egypt’s Authoritarian Impasse
Hesham Sallam
2020
October 26, 2020
Journal Articles
Institutionalized Police Brutality: Torture, the Militarization of Security, and the Reform of Inquisitorial Criminal Justice in Mexico
Beatriz Magaloni, Luis Rodriguez
American Political Science Review,
2020
August 3, 2020
Journal Articles
Authoritarian media and diversionary threats: lessons from 30 years of Syrian state discourse
Ala’ Alrababa'h, Lisa Blaydes
Political Science Research and Methods,
2020
June 24, 2020
Journal Articles
Reassessing American Democracy: The Enduring Challenge of Racial Exclusion
Johanna Kalb, Didi Kuo
Michigan Law Review Online,
2020
June 11, 2020
American democracy is in trouble. Since the 2016 election, a sizable literature has developed that focuses on diagnosing and assessing the state of American democracy, most of which concludes that our system of government is in decline.[2] These authors point to the rise in party polarization, the increasingly bipartisan abandonment of the norms of the democratic process, the rise of populism, the degradation of the public sphere, and the proliferation of gerrymandered districts and voting restrictions to illustrate the breakdown.
Books
How to Make Love to a Despot: An Alternative Foreign Policy for the Twenty-First Century
Stephen D. Krasner
2020
April 7, 2020
After generations of foreign policy failures, the United States can finally try to make the world safer―not by relying on utopian goals but by working pragmatically with nondemocracies.
Journal Articles
What Would a Second Trump Term Do to the Federal Bureaucracy?
Francis Fukuyama,
Francis Fukuyama
Washington Monthly,
2020
April 1, 2020
American public service is under grave threat. It has been heavily politicized during the first Trump term, and in a second may deteriorate rapidly as cronyism, corruption, and incompetence become the new norms.
Journal Articles
Legislatures and Policy Making in Authoritarian Regimes
Scott Williamson, Beatriz Magaloni
Comparative Political Studies,
2020
March 29, 2020
Journal Articles
Egypt’s Consolidated Authoritarianism
Amr Hamzawy
2020
March 8, 2020
The current Egyptian political scene reveals an important paradox: since its ascendancy to power in 2013, the military-led authoritarian government has not faced significant challenges from civil society despite systematic human rights abuses and continuous societal crises.
Journal Articles
Political Reform and American Democracy
Didi Kuo
2020
March 8, 2020
The 2016 election brought into sharp relief the anomalies and imperfections of our democratic institutions. Trump, beating out a crowded field of primary candidates, won the election having lost the popular vote. Despite intense media coverage, the party primaries were still low-turnout events, and party infighting undermined the legitimacy of the final candidates. Third-party candidates who stood no chance of winning nonetheless drew significant votes in swing states.
Journal Articles
PROTECTING ELECTORAL INTEGRITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Stephen J. Stedman, Nathaniel Persily, Alex Stamos, Toomas Hendrik Ilves, Laura Chinchilla, Noeleen Heyzer, Yves Leterme, Ory Okolloh , Ernesto Zedillo, Megan Smith, William Sweeney
2020
January 24, 2020
Democratic consolidation around the world currently faces major challenges. Threats to democracy have become more insidious, especially due to the manipulation of legal and constitutional procedures originally designed to guard democracy against arbitrary action and abuse. Free and fair elections, the cornerstone of democratic legitimacy, are under considerable stress from populism and post-truth movements, who abuse new digital communication technologies to confuse and mislead citizens.
Journal Articles
30 Years of World Politics: What Has Changed?
Francis Fukuyama
2020
January 21, 2020
Since the publication of the Journal of Democracy began in 1990, the political climate has shifted from one of democratic gains and optimism to what Larry Diamond labels a “democratic recession.” Underlying these changes has been a reorientation of the major axis of political polarization, from a left-right divide defined largely in economic terms toward a politics based on identity. In a second major shift, technological development has had unexpected effects—including that of facilitating the rise of identity-based social fragmentation.
Journal Articles
Breaking Out of the Democratic Slump
Larry Diamond
2020
January 15, 2020
Since 2006, democracy in the world has been trending downward. A number of liberal democracies are becoming less liberal, and authoritarian regimes are developing more repressive tendencies. Democracies are dying at the hands of elected authoritarian populists who neuter or take over the institutions meant to constrain them. Changes in the international environment, as well as technological developments and growing inequality, have contributed to this democratic slump.
Working Papers
How body-worn cameras affect the use of gunshots, stop-and searches and other forms of police behavior: A Randomized Control Trial in Rio de Janeiro
Beatriz Magaloni, Vanessa Melo, Gustavo Robles, Gustavo Empinotti
2020
January 15, 2020
In this paper we examine the effects of police body-worn cameras through a randomized control trial implemented in Rio de Janeiro. The paper explores the use of this technology by police officers in charge of tactical operations and officers performing “proximity” patrolling in the largest favela of Brazil, Rocinha. The study reveals that institutional and administrative limitations at Military Police of the State of Rio de Janeiro (PMERJ) were associated with limited use of the cameras –basically officers refusing to turn the cameras on.
Working Papers
Engaging, Empowering, and Enabling Youth to Lead Social Action in the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro
Beatriz Magaloni, Veriene Melo
2020
January 15, 2020
This study is the result of over four years of active collaboration between the Poverty, Violence and Governance Lab (PovGov) and the Rio-based NGO Agency for Youth Networks (hereafter, Agency). What began in 2012 as an informal conversation between PovGov researchers and the program’s founder and director, Marcus Faustini, led to a solid partnership that has produced not only this research but also opportunities for engagement through events both in California and in Rio de Janeiro.
Journal Articles
Torture as a Method of Criminal Prosecution: Democratization, Criminal Justice Reform, and the Mexican Drug War
Beatriz Magaloni, Luis Rodriguez
2020
January 14, 2020
A criminal trial is likely the most significant interaction a citizen will ever have with the state; its conduct and adherence to norms of fairness bear directly on the quality of government, extent of democratic consolidation, and human rights. While theories of repression tend to focus on the political incentives to transgress against human rights, we examine a case in which the institutionalization of such violations follows an organizational logic rather than the political logic of regime survival or consolidation.
Journal Articles
Killing in the Slums: Social Order, Criminal Governance, and Police Violence in Rio de Janeiro
Beatriz Magaloni, Edgar Franco Vivanco , Vanessa Melo
2020
January 14, 2020
State interventions against drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) sometimes work to improve security, but often exacerbate violence. To understand why, this paper offers a theory about different social order dynamics among five types of criminal regimes – Insurgent, Bandit, Symbiotic, Predatory, and Anarchic. These differ according to whether criminal groups confront or collude with state actors; predate or cooperate with the community; and hold a monopoly or contest territory with rival DTOs.
Journal Articles
Living in Fear: The Dynamics of Extortion in Mexico’s Drug War
Beatriz Magaloni, Gustavo Robles, Aila M. Matanock, Alberto Díaz-Cayeros, Vidal Romero
2020
January 14, 2020
Why do drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) sometimes prey on the communities in which they operate but sometimes provide assistance to these communities? What explains their strategies of extortion and co-optation toward civil society? Using new survey data from Mexico, including list experiments to elicit responses about potentially illegal behavior, this article measures the prevalence of extortion and assistance among DTOs.
Journal Articles
Public Good Provision and Traditional Governance in Indigenous Communities in Oaxaca, Mexico
Beatriz Magaloni, Alberto Díaz-Cayeros, Alexander Ruiz Euler
2020
January 14, 2020
Can ethnically distinct communities ruled through “traditional” assemblies provide public goods and services better, than when they are ruled by leaders elected through “modern” multiparty elections? We exploit a unique institutional feature in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, where municipalities are ruled by traditional governance institutions, to explore the effect of these forms of governance on the provision of public goods. Using locality-level census data, we study the provision of local public goods through a geographic discontinuity approach.
White Papers
What works to Prevent Violence Amongst Youth
Beatriz Magaloni, Thomas Abt, Chris Blattman, Santiago Tobón
2020
January 14, 2020
What works in preventing and reducing violence among youth? This report draws on the global evidence base of evaluations of existing interventions designed to reduce or prevent violence and identifies those with the greatest evidence of effectiveness.
Journal Articles
The Road to Digital Unfreedom: The Threat of Postmodern Totalitarianism
Larry Diamond
2019
December 16, 2019
Once hailed as a great force for human empowerment and liberation, social media and related digital tools have rapidly come to be regarded as a major threat to democratic stability and human freedom. Based on a deeply problematic business model, social-media platforms are showing the potential to exacerbate hazards that range from authoritarian privacy violations to partisan echo chambers to the spread of malign disinformation. Authoritarian forces are also profiting from a series of other advances in digital technology, notably including the revolution in artificial intelligence (AI).
Books
Ill Winds: Saving Democracy from Russian Rage, Chinese Ambition, and American Complacency
Larry Diamond
2019
December 16, 2019
From America’s leading scholar of democracy, a personal, passionate call to action against the rising authoritarianism that challenges our world order—and the very value of liberty.
Journal Articles
Comparing America: Reflections on Democracy across Subfields
Didi Kuo
Cambridge University Press,
2019
September 4, 2019
Is America in a period of democratic decline? I argue that there is an urgent need to consider the United States in comparative perspective, and that doing so is necessary to contextualize and understand the quality of American democracy. I describe two approaches to comparing the United States: the first shows how the United States stacks up to other countries, while the second uses the theories and tools of comparative politics to examine relationships between institutions, actors, and democratic outcomes.
Journal Articles
Professions of Friendship: Revisiting the Concept of the Political in the Middle East
Kabir Tambar
Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East,
2019
August 1, 2019
This essay examines “professions of friendship”: efforts by populations who are targeted as enemies of the state to proclaim their historical fidelity to the state's foundation and preservation. Such declarations often reinscribe a rigid and often violently statist narrative of politics. The essay argues that the retrenchment of this narrative, when reissued in the name of friendship, does not simply close down political options. It seeks to embolden sentiments of moral obligation across instituted lines of enmity. These solicitations of friendship are burdened by a particular historical task: to envision a past and a future of social cohabitation in a present where its possibilities have been violently undermined and morally devalued. The essay centers on two instances that bookend the past century: the first was delivered in Istanbul by an organization speaking on behalf of Armenians living in territories claimed by the Turkish nationalist movement in 1922; the second was issued by a Kurdish Peace Mother in Diyarbakır, as a plea for an end to state violence in late 2015.
Working Papers
IMMIGRATION AND POPULISM IN CANADA, AUSTRALIA, AND THE UNITED STATES
Francis Fukuyama,
Francis Fukuyama, Naz Gocek
2019
July 17, 2019
In the second decade of the 21st century, the world experienced the rise of a global populist movement built around ethnic nationalism and hostility to foreigners and immigration. This movement has been led by the United States after the election of Donald J. Trump as President in 2016, and today includes leaders in Turkey, Hungary, Poland, Italy, Brazil, and a host of parties throughout Europe that challenge the liberal international order. Canada, Australia, and the United States are three former British colonies that were settled by successive waves of immigrants from abroad.