Governance

FSI's research on the origins, character and consequences of government institutions spans continents and academic disciplines. The institute’s senior fellows and their colleagues across Stanford examine the principles of public administration and implementation. Their work focuses on how maternal health care is delivered in rural China, how public action can create wealth and eliminate poverty, and why U.S. immigration reform keeps stalling. 

FSI’s work includes comparative studies of how institutions help resolve policy and societal issues. Scholars aim to clearly define and make sense of the rule of law, examining how it is invoked and applied around the world. 

FSI researchers also investigate government services – trying to understand and measure how they work, whom they serve and how good they are. They assess energy services aimed at helping the poorest people around the world and explore public opinion on torture policies. The Children in Crisis project addresses how child health interventions interact with political reform. Specific research on governance, organizations and security capitalizes on FSI's longstanding interests and looks at how governance and organizational issues affect a nation’s ability to address security and international cooperation.

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Ahmed seminar

In many Muslim societies, autocrats expand their distributive policies in the religious season of Ramadan. Why do autocrats distribute in Ramadan? And, who do they target?

Focusing on Egypt (2014-2020), this paper argues that the regime distributes in Ramadan to contain political threats to its survival by co-opting areas where such threats are more credible. This strategy addresses rising political pressures during the season while signaling the regime's competency and goodness by capitalizing on the month's religious norms. I test this argument using an original municipality-level dataset of government-reported provision of economic benefits.

The findings show that the government reports more economic distribution in places where political threats are higher: more socioeconomically developed, more contentious, and more affected by unpopular austerity measures. Using survey data, I also find that distribution in Ramadan translates into reputational gains for the regime, particularly among its critics. The conclusions suggest that autocrats might adopt multiple targeting strategies to respond to different threats to their survival, sometimes rewarding threatening groups to buy their acquiescence. 

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

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Ahmed Mohamed
Ahmed Ezzeldin Mohamed is a postdoctoral fellow at the Center for Democracy, Development, and Rule of Law (CDDRL). He holds a Ph.D. (with distinction) in Political Science from Columbia University. He was a research fellow at the Middle East Initiative at Harvard Kennedy School in the academic year (2021-2022). He is a junior fellow of the Association for Analytic Learning about Islam and Muslim Societies (AALIMS).

Mohamed’s research focuses on the role of religion in political and economic development, with a special focus on the Middle East and the Muslim World. He utilizes a diverse set of tools for data collection and rigorous analysis. His work received several awards, including APSA 2022 Weber Best Conference Paper Award and MPSA 2019 Kellogg/Notre Dame Award for Best Paper in Comparative Politics. 

Virtual to Public. Only those with an active Stanford ID with access to E008 in Encina Hall may attend in person.

Didi Kuo

Virtual to Public. Only those with an active Stanford ID with access to E008 in Encina Hall may attend in person.

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CDDRL Postdoctoral Fellow, 2022-2023
ahmed_ezzeldin_mohamed_headshot.jpeg

Ahmed Ezzeldin Mohamed is a postdoctoral fellow at the Center for Democracy, Development, and Rule of Law (CDDRL). He holds a Ph.D. (with distinction) in Political Science from Columbia University. He was a research fellow at the Middle East Initiative at Harvard Kennedy School in the academic year (2021-2022). He is a junior fellow of the Association for Analytic Learning about Islam and Muslim Societies (AALIMS).

Mohamed’s research focuses on the role of religion in political and economic development, with a special focus on the Middle East and the Muslim World. He utilizes a diverse set of tools for data collection and rigorous analysis. His work received several awards, including APSA 2022 Weber Best Conference Paper Award and MPSA 2019 Kellogg/Notre Dame Award for Best Paper in Comparative Politics. 

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Einstein-Moos Postdoctoral Fellow, 2022-23
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Catlan Reardon is a PhD candidate in Political Science and a Research Associate at the Center on the Politics of Development at the University of California, Berkeley. Her research lies at the intersection of elite political behavior, violence, and the political economy of development, with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa. Her dissertation and first book project, The Ties that Bind or Break: Local Leaders, Dispute Arbitration, and Violence in Nigeria, examines the influence of local leaders on mitigating or exacerbating violence through examining their key roles as arbiters of local disputes. She has conducted fieldwork in India, Uganda, Kenya, and Nigeria and has consulted on projects with USAID, DAI, and Mercy Corps.

Prior to graduate school, Catlan worked for Innovations for Poverty Action in Uganda and Kenya managing studies on micro-savings, health and governance, and technology diffusion. She also was a Research Manager at the Institution for Social and Policy Studies at Yale University. Catlan holds an M.A. in Political Science from Leiden University and a B.A. in Political Science from Wake Forest University.

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The Program on Arab Reform and Democracy (ARD) at CDDRL is pleased to announce the release of the June 2022 issue of Mofeed Digest, a periodic recap of the most important scholarly and policy publications, reports, and articles investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the politics, economies, and societies of the Arab world. 

Mofeed Digest is a feature of the Mofeed Project, an initiative that builds foundational resources for understanding how the politics and societies of the Arab world have adapted in light of the pandemic. The Mofeed Project is supported in part by the Open Society Foundation.

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Mofeed Digest (June 2022)

The following digest summarizes the most important scholarly and policy publications, reports, and articles covering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the politics, economies, and societies of the Arab world. Mofeed Digest is produced by Mofeed Project Coordinator Serage Amatory.

[MENA | Algeria | BahrainDjibouti | EgyptIraq| Jordan| KuwaitLebanon| LibyaMorocco| OmanPalestine| Qatar| Saudi ArabiaSomalia| Sudan| SyriaTunisia| UAE| Yemen]

 


MENA

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Arab States: Overcoming the Fragilities of Governance Systems for Sustainable Recovery
UNDP, Date Unspecified 
This article assesses the fragility of Arab government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and provides policy recommendations. It discusses how government trust and the perception of the social contract will change due to the citizen-government interaction during the pandemic. 

COVID-19 in the MENA: An Exploration of Gender Sensitive State Responses
Middle East Political Science, Date Unspecified
This article describes how women in the formal sector of MENA economies have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Authors focus on 3 MENA countries and explore the gendered impacts of the pandemic. 

COVID-19 Responses in the Middle East and North Africa in Global Perspective
Middle East Political Science, Date Unspecified 
This article studies the nature of the government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), exploring both within-region diversity and between-region variation. It concludes that while the MENA region as a whole is broadly similar to other parts of the world in its COVID response, there are substantial within-region differences in terms of how COVID policies were implemented and to what extent residents were affected by the pandemic and adopted public health behaviors. 

Does COVID-19 Pandemic Spur Digital Business Transformation in the MENA Region? Evidence from Firm Level Data
Economic Research Forum, June 2022
This working paper analyzes how the outbreak of COVID-19 in the MENA region affected the accelerating digital transformation in business firms. The results demonstrate a strong association between the pandemic outbreak and digitization. They also show that the firms operating in the service sector were more likely to adopt digital solutions.

Presentation, Management, and Outcome of COVID-19 among Patients with Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2 June 2022
This article captures data on 1345 patients with cancer to assess SARS-COV-2 infection presentations, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and outcomes in 12 centers in 8 Mena region countries.

Economic and Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Nations of the GCC
Global Business and Economics Review, 17 June 2022
This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in GCC countries, especially on the economic and psychosocial level. The article investigates the impact of government support on mitigating the psychological and psychosocial impacts of the pandemic on citizens.


Algeria

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Impact of COVID-19 Crisis on Energy Consumption and Socio-Spatial Behavior of the Residential Sector in Extreme Climates. Case study Southwest of Algeria
TECHNIUM, 9 June 2022
This article examines the immediate and long-term impact of COVID-19 on various forms of energy consumption during confinement in Algeria. The authors focus on the impact of COVID 19 on the energy consumption of electricity, gas, and water in the residential sector.  

The Impact of the COVID-19 Related School Closure on the Mental Health and Well-Being of Children with SEN and Their Parents in Algeria
International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 23 June 2022
This study studies and analyzes the experience of twenty-three parents and five children with special educational needs during complete lockdown and limited access to school support in Algeria.


 

Bahrain

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Post-Vaccination Outcomes in Association with Four COVID-19 Vaccines in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Scientific Reports, 2 June 2022
This study examines COVID-19 related outcomes derived from Bahraini national database where 4 vaccines were deployed, comparing the 4 vaccines through post-vaccination outcomes. 

Students’ Perception Regarding E-learning During COVID-19 at Bahrain Polytechnic
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 6 June 2022
This article presents the findings of a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Bahrain Polytechnic to assess students' perspectives towards e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Bahrain Ranks First in Post-Pandemic Tourism Recovery Report
National News, 15 June 2022
According to money.co.uk study, Bahrain has been given the highest ranking in tourism recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at a 95% rate. This ranking indicated that the Gulf nation's 2021 tourist numbers bounced almost all the way back to the 2019 level of 3.8 million.

 

 

Djibouti

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Epidemiology of the First and Second Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic in Djibouti and the Vaccination Strategy Developed for the Response
BMJ Public Health, June 2022
This study examines the epidemiology of the first two covid-19 waves in Djibouti, highlighting mishaps in the National Plan for Introduction and Deployment for COVID-19 vaccines. 

Assessing the Effectiveness of the Djiboutian Government during the COVID-19: Focusing on the Djiboutian Perspective
FigShare, 30 June 2022
This study assesses the Djiboutian government’s effectiveness in combating COVID-19 through studying different indicators like citizen trust in government, government responsiveness and leadership, and COVID-19 information access and accuracy. Results conveyed a strong link between responsiveness and effectiveness. 


 

Egypt

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The Impact of Job Stress on Employee’s Performance at one of Private Banks in Egypt during COVID-19 Pandemic
International Business Research, Date Unspecified 
This article investigates the perception of employees of one of the private banks in Egypt and their performance in the presence of job stress in the uncertain period of the coronavirus pandemic. 

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Neurosurgical Practice in Egypt
Egyptian Journal of Neurosurgery, 7 June 2022
This article examines the impact of lockdown and restrictive measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic on neurosurgical cases at two university hospitals in Egypt. Results show that the number of cases has dropped by 38%.

Exenterate or Not: A Simple Proposed Management Algorithm for Mucormycosis During the Era of COVID-19 in a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Egypt
Clinical Ophthalmology, 11 June 2022
This article studies available data of 30 Egyptian patients with post COVID-19 orbital mucormycosis to construct a simple management algorithm for posed cases. 

Egypt Loses $23 Billion from COVID-19, Ukraine Conflict
Egyptian Streets, 21 June 2022
Egypt's Minister of Finance declared during his proposed budget speech that the country had lost 440 EGP, about 23.4 billion dollars due to the Russian-Ukrainian war and the COVID-19 pandemic over the span of the last two years. 

Recovering from COVID-19 Learning Losses
UNICEF, 23 June 2022
This UNICEF article delineates the various challenges that the pandemic has posed for children and their learning in Egypt. The article focuses on marginalized children of color or refugee status and recognizes that despite the progress achieved in the education sector in Egypt, marginalized children are still far behind expectations for their age in literacy. [ARABIC]

Acceptance Rate of COVID-19 Vaccination and Its Predictors in Egypt: An Online Survey
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 30 June 2022
This article presents the findings of a self-administered study conducted on random participants from six different Egyptian governorates to assess the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination among the Egyptian adult population. 

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: an Egyptian Survey Study
Tropical Medicine and Health, 30 June 2022
This article presents a study conducted in 2 Maintenance Hemodialysis centers in Egypt to investigate the level of vaccine acceptance among Egyptian patients with MHD.


 

Iraq

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Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine Among Nursing Students of Mosul University, Iraq
Rawal Medical Journal, Date Unspecified 
This article uses a quantitative cross-sectional study to assess the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among nursing students in Mosul city in Iraq.

The Relationship between COVID-19 Fear and Anxiety with the Quality of Life of Students in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Novelty in Clinical Medicine, June 2022
This article examines the link between the fear and anxiety students experience during the pandemic with online learning, and their quality of life. According to intention to be vaccinated, the patients were divided into vaccine acceptant (VA), hesitant (VH), and resistant (VR) groups who comprised 58.3%, 26.5%, and 15.2%, respectively.

Misdiagnosis of COVID-19 Infection before Molecular Confirmation in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq
European Journal of Medical Research, 3 June 2022
This article utilizes a detailed questionnaire to assess the misdiagnosis and mismanagement of COVID-19 cases in Northern Iraq, Kurdistan region. Regarding the false diagnosis of cases, 92% were made by non-physician healthcare workers, and only 8% were made by physicians.

The Role of Influenza Vaccination in the COVID-19 Infection: Impact on Incidence and Severity in Iraq
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 21 June 2022
This article investigates the extent to which influenza vaccinations can mitigate the severity and decrease the frequency of incidence of COVID-19 infections in Iraq. 

Predictors of Mental Health Symptomatology among Kurdish Patients Who Recovered from COVID-19 in Iraq
Discover Psychology, 27 June 2022
This article seeks to determine the mental health symptomatology and its associated factors among Kurdish Iraqis who recovered from COVID-19. It was found that 31.6% of the participating recovered patients with COVID-19 met the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and 21.05% were classified with probable depression.

Menstrual Changes Following COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jordan and Iraq
Plos One, 29 June 2022
This study aimed to investigate and to evaluate menstrual changes in females following COVID-19 infection, and to evaluate female perception about the effect of COVID-19 on their menstrual cycles. Authors conducted the study on 483 women from Jordan and Iraq. 

Postmortem Lung Biopsy for COVID-19 Patients in Iraq
Research Square, 30 June 2022
This article studies the pathophysiological changes that happen to lung tissues in COVID-19 affected individuals and to accurately specify the cause(s) of death. Authors utilized a case series of post-mortem lung histopathology examinations of deceased COVID-19 positive patients in Iraq.


Jordan

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User Experience Assessment of a COVID-19 Tracking Mobile Application (AMAN) in Jordan
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Date Unspecified 
This article examines the user experience of a COVID-19 tracking application in Jordan by getting feedback from users and identifying UX (user experience) based on user interaction.

Short-Term Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan
Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 27 June 2022
This article presents the findings of a cross-sectional study of the short-term side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine to clarify the expected outcome of getting vaccinated and reduce vaccine hesitancy.

Menstrual Changes Following COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jordan and Iraq
Plos One, 29 June 2022
This study aimed to investigate and to evaluate menstrual changes in females following COVID-19 infection, and to evaluate female perception about the effect of COVID-19 on their menstrual cycles. Authors conducted the study on 483 women from Jordan and Iraq. 

Exploring the Role of Superspreading Events in SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks
medRxiv, 29 June 2022
This article presents a study that formulates a Markov chain model to investigate the influence of superspreading events on SARS-COV-2 outbreak dynamics.


 

Kuwait

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The Effects of COVID-19 School Disruptions Will Last Decades
World Bank, 20 June 2022 
This World Bank blog-post discusses the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on schools and learning in Kuwait. It states the long-term life long losses to their earning, males being affected more tragically than females. [Arabic here]

Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in a Paediatric Cohort in Kuwait
BMJ Open, 28 June 2022
This article reports the findings of a population-level retrospective cohort study to describe the clinical characteristics and dynamics of SARS-COV-2 reinfection in children in Kuwait. Results show that reinfection is uncommon in children. 

Pandemic Price Controls Experiment Goes Seriously Awry in Kuwait
Bloomberg, 29 June 2022 
This Bloomberg article reports on the indiscriminate economic havoc that has risen in Kuwait two years after price control was applied to freeze food costs during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. 


 

Lebanon

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Evaluating the Governance and Preparedness of the Lebanese Health System for the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
BMJ Open, 1 June 2022
This article reports on a qualitative study held in Lebanon aiming to assess the capacity and governance of Lebanon's health system throughout the coronavirus pandemic. The health workforce showed high resilience despite the inadequate training and staff shortages. 

Genomic Surveillance of SARS CoV2 in COVID-19 vaccinated healthcare workers in Lebanon
BioRxiv, 6 June 2022 
This article reports on the findings of a national SARS-COV-2 genomic surveillance among healthcare workers in Lebanon. 

Experience of Field Testing in Lebanon during the COVID-19 Pandemic, January to August 2021
BMJ Global Health, 7 June 2022
This article presents data related to COVID-19 cases after field testing in Lebanon. The article also reflects on challenges faced and lessons learned. 

Risk Markers of COVID-19, a Study from South-Lebanon
MDPI, 27 June 2022
This article aims to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among suspected COVID-19 patients in South Lebanon as well as the risk markers for COVID-19 associated with ABO blood group, Rhesus factor, and patient’s address during the past year.

 


 

Libya

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Knowledge, Attitude, Perception and Psychological Status of Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Outbreak in Libya: A Cross Sectional Study
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 1 June 2022
This article studies and evaluates levels of knowledge, attitude, perception, and psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Libyan citizens. 


 

Morocco 

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Dataset to Explore Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccination Intention. Evidence from Morocco
Data in Brief, 9 June 2022 
This article identifies the various factors that influenced Moroccan citizens to get the COVID-19 vaccine.  The data were collected using an online questionnaire. 

Depression and Eating Disorders among Health Care Professionals in Morocco during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 8 June 2022
This article reports on the findings of an online anonymous self-administered questionnaire that was conducted on Moroccan healthcare workers to screen for depression and eating disorders during the coronavirus pandemic.

 


 

Oman

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Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine’s Acceptability Amongst Health Care Workers in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study
Journal of Infection and Public Health, 16 June 2022
This article assesses the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines among health care workers in Oman. A cross-sectional study using a self- administered questionnaire was conducted among the HCWs in December 2020.

Audit Fees under the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Oman
Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 28 June 2022
This article reports on the findings of a study examining the effect of COVID-19 on audit fees after its huge impact on companies' financial statements in Oman. 

Pulmonary Barotrauma in COVID-19 Patients: Experience From a Secondary Care Hospital in Oman
Cureus, 29 June 2022
This article discusses the findings of a retrospective study identifying patients with pulmonary barotrauma and recording their medical data at an Intensive Care Unit in Oman.


 

Palestine

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COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Its Associated Factors among Palestinian Healthcare Workers: Expectations Beaten by Reality
Vaccine, 9 June 2022
This article presents a cross-sectional study conducted in Palestine to examine the level of vaccination among healthcare workers and its determinants. Key findings show that almost two thirds of Palestinian healthcare workers have already received their vaccine. 

Health Consequences of University Employees Post COVID-19 Vaccination at Palestinian University
Research Square, 14 June 2022
This article examines health consequences of Palestinian university workers receiving their COVID-19 vaccination, aiming to decrease vaccination hesitancy and provide more adequate input on its side effects.

Vaccine Apartheid and Settler Colonial Sovereign Violence: From Palestine to the Colonial Global Economy
Distinktion Journal of Social Theory, 14 June 2022
This article adopts a decolonial lens to assess the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine in Palestine and globally. It challenges the underlying premise being that the advanced, wealthy, and capable nation-states have endogenously earned the position of power and prosperity and that the world’s poor nation-states are posited as the recipients of charity from these rich states only after the latter have sufficiently inoculated themselves.

The Impact of the Corona Pandemic on the Performance of Palestinian Commercial Banks Listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange
Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 30 June 2022
This article studies a sample of 6 companies from the banking sector in Palestine to shed light on the Palestinian stock exchange before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. 


 

Qatar

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Predictive Ability of Factors in diagnosing COVID-19: Experiences from Qatar's Primary Care Settings
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2022 
This article aims to establish the predictive ability of demographic and clinical factors in diagnosing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Qatar's publicly funded primary care settings.

Duration of mRNA Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Subvariants in Qatar
Nature Communications, 2 June 2022
This article investigates the duration of protection of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines after the second dose and after the third/booster dose, against symptomatic COVID-19 infections in Qatar.

Qatar: Challenges and Successes in COVID-19 Pandemic Response
Rand Blog, 9 June 2022
This article presents an overview of the Qatari experience in combating the coronavirus pandemic. It references Qatar's strict contact tracking and tracing policy, the launching of a vaccination campaign in December 2020, and media campaigns that promote awareness of the importance of taking preventive measures and getting the vaccine as important steps in the state’s pandemic response.

Qatar Airways Bounces Back from Pandemic with Record Revenues and Profits
Forbes, 16 June 2022
This Forbes article discusses the efforts, resilience and trajectory of Qatar Airways in emerging from the coronavirus pandemic. It references a sharp uptick in annual revenues to QR52.3 billion ($14.4 billion).  

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Acceptance among the Public in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: A Review of the Literature
Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 29 June 2022
This article aims to provide an up-to-date evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the public in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.


 

Saudi Arabia

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Factors Related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Saudi Arabia
Public Health in Practice, June 2022
This article presents the findings of a cross-sectional study aiming to assess the amount of vaccine hesitancy and its determinants in relation to various demographic, social, and personal characteristics among the Saudi population.

A Nationwide Survey to Assess COVID-19’s Impact on Health and Lifestyle in Saudi Arabia
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Science, June 2022 
This article aims to assess the COVID-19 related knowledge and its socio-demographic correlates in individuals from different parts of Saudi Arabia and to evaluate the health-related impact and lifestyle changes in the Saudi population because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also determines the perceived importance of future preparedness among residents. 

Characteristics of Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients in the Al-Ahsa Region of Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study with Survival Analysis
Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2 June 2022
This article seeks to identify the characteristics and risk factors for mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in Al-Ahsa region in Saudi Arabia. 

Psychological Distress Reported by Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
PLOS ONE, 3 June 2022
This article estimates the prevalence and severity of psychological distress and studies predisposing risk factors among healthcare workers in KSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Authors conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 1,985 HCWs from 6 hospitals across the country designated with caring for COVID-19 patients.

Side Effects and Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccination in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Frontiers in Medicine, 7 June 2022
This article assesses the side effects and perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines among adults following vaccination in Saudi Arabia.

Factors Affecting Online Learning, Stress and Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia
International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 10 June 2022
This article reports the findings of a study investigating the factors affecting online learning (OL) and stress and anxiety (SaA) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.

Voluntary Testing for COVID-19: Perceptions and Utilization among the Inhabitants of Saudi Arabia
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 10 June 2022
This article investigates the perceptions and utilization of Voluntary Testing services for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the inhabitants of Saudi Arabia. In total, 3,510 adult participants from all provinces of Saudi Arabia were recruited via a national online survey.

Types of Variants Among Increased Cases of COVID-19 in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia in June 2021
Cureus, 16 June 2022
This article seeks to identify the types and distribution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants causing cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the western region in Saudi Arabia in June 2021.

Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with COVID-19 Illness Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia
International Journal of General Medicine, 27 June 2022
This article reports the findings of a retrospective study that presents the demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of patients at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia and determines risk factors contributing to their COVID-19 outcome.


 

Somalia

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Pumping Oxygen into Somalia’s Health System as Part of COVID-19 Response
World Bank, 6 June 2022
This article reviews the response of Somalia to the coronavirus pandemic in the light of the amalgamation of crises facing the country. The article acknowledges that unlike many countries, Somalia was dealing with multiple threats of crises: locusts, drought, flooding, COVID-19 in addition to the country’s fragility, after decades of war and political instability.


 

Sudan

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Mental Health Status of High School Students in Khartoum State, Sudan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
BJPsych Open, 20 June 2022 
This article aims to assess the mental health status of high school students in Khartoum State, to evaluate the participants’ adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and to identify factors associated with commitment to COVID-19 guidelines and mental health status during the COVID-19 pandemic. 


 

Syria

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Syndromic Surveillance of Respiratory Infections during Protracted Conflict: Experiences from Northern Syria 2016-2021
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2022 
This article investigates the trends of Early Warning and Response Network (EWARN) reported ILI (influenza-like illness) and SARI (severe acute respiratory illness) in northern Syria between 2016 and 2021 and the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2.

Addressing the Impacts of COVID-19 on Refugee Health
PLOS Medicine, 27 June 2022
This article discusses the disparity in the experience of the pandemic between refugees and citizens and focuses on Syrian refugees.  It acknowledges that refugees are often blamed by governments and members of the public for infectious disease epidemics and states that they may experience elevated risks of infectious diseases like COVID-19 through no fault of their own.


 

Tunisia

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Students’ perceptions of distance education during a Covid-19 pandemic in Tunisia
International Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, June 2022
This article uncovers the perceptions of university students regarding the use of distant learning tools and techniques during the spread of COVID-19, by exploring their experiences during containment. 

COVID-19’s Impact on Tunisia
The Borgen Project, 1 June 2022
This article discusses the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Tunisia, exploring different indicators such as GDP, tourism, retail and agriculture. 

COVID-19 and Gender-Based Violence: Pandemic Response and Impact on Civil Society in Tunisia
Project on Middle East Political Science, 16 June 2022
This working paper argues that CSOs made progress in combatting violence during the first year of the pandemic due to political openness, a culture of coalitions, and bipartisan support for eliminating violence against women. However, the President’s power grab and subsequent political instability led to a breakdown in coalition culture and a stifling of civil society, making it harder for feminist organizations to advocate for GBV protections. The paper draws on pre-pandemic ethnographic data and international and Tunisian news articles, polling data, statistics, and reporting during the pandemic.


 

UAE

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Association between Quality of Sleep and Screen Time during the COVID-19 Outbreak among Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates
Journal of Sleep Research, 7 June 2022 
This article aims to investigate the association between screen time on different electronic devices and sleep quality among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effectiveness of BBIBP-CorV Vaccine Against Severe Outcomes of COVID-19 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Nature Communications, 9 June 2022
This article aims to study the effectiveness of the inactivated BBIBP-CorV vaccine against severe COVID-19 outcomes (hospitalization, critical care admission and death due to COVID-19) and its long-term effectiveness in Abu Dhabi in the UAE.


 

Yemen

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Adult Mortality before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nine Communities of Yemen: A Key Informant Study
medRxiv, 21 June 2022
This article aims to estimate population mortality during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in nine purposively selected urban and rural communities of southern and central Yemen (Aden and Ta’iz governorates).

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Mofeed Digest 2
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The Program on Arab Reform and Democracy (ARD) at CDDRL is pleased to announce the release of the June 2022 issue of Mofeed Digest, a periodic recap of the most important scholarly and policy publications, reports, and articles investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the politics, economies, and societies of the Arab world.

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Launched in 2005, the Draper Hills Summer Fellows Program (DHSF) is a three-week intensive academic training program hosted annually by the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law. The program brings together a cohort of mid-career practitioners from transitioning countries who are working to advance democratic practices and economic and legal reform in contexts where freedom, human development, and good governance are fragile or at risk.

The DHSF class of 2022 is composed of 32 leaders drawn from 26 countries around the world who were selected from among hundreds of applicants for the significant contributions they have already made to their societies and their potential to make an even greater impact with some help from Stanford. Representing business, government, and the nonprofit sector, our fellows are working on the frontlines of democratic change to combat the global rise of authoritarianism and populism. In countries moving towards democracy, our fellows are working to institutionalize new systems and practices to support democratic transitions.

CDDRL is excited to convene another powerful network of leaders determined to advance change in their communities.


Fellows will arrive at Stanford at the end of July to begin a three-week training program that provides a forum for civil society leaders to exchange experiences and receive academic and policy training to enrich their knowledge and advance their work. Delivered by an interdisciplinary team of faculty, the program allows emerging and established global leaders to explore new institutional models and frameworks to enhance their ability to promote good governance, accountable politics, and find new ways to achieve economic development in their home countries.

The Draper Hills Summer Fellows Program is generously funded by Bill and Phyllis Draper and Ingrid von Mangoldt Hills, and the class of 2022 marks the program’s 18th cohort. Upon completion, fellows will join a global network of over 400 alumni from 83 countries who have all faced similar sets of challenges in bringing change to their countries.

Amid an era of democratic recession where just over half of the global population now live in countries that are recognized internationally as authoritarian, it is all the more urgent that we provide these leaders with new academic frameworks and a peer community to be more resilient in their work.

 

Meet the Fellows

Armenia | Belarus | Brazil | Ethiopia | Georgia | Guatemala | India | Kazakhstan | Kenya | Kyrgyz Republic | Lebanon | Mexico | Mongolia | Nepal | Nigeria | Peru | Republic of Congo | Singapore | South Africa | Tanzania | Togo | Tunisia | Ukraine | UyghurVenezuela | Vietnam
 

ARMENIA

 

 

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Tatevik Matinyan

Tatevik Matinyan is an Armenian human rights lawyer and licensed advocate. She is currently the president of the Institute of Liberal Politics, a nonprofit organization and liberal think tank providing independent expertise to institutions and State agencies as well as organizing non-formal education for different groups of society aiming to promote liberal and democratic values and the principles of the rule of law, pluralistic democracy through non-formal education.

She has 12 years of professional experience in conducting strategic litigations on both local and international levels in particular up to the European Court of Human Rights where she won several cases. As a board member of the Center for Strategic Litigations, Tatevik Matinyan mainly works on documenting war crimes, representing prisoners of war, and providing legal assistance to victims of armed conflicts. She holds a Master's degree in Law from Mkhitar Gosh University in Armenia and is pursuing her Ph.D. from Public Administration Academy on the topic of evidence-based policy-making as a guarantee for the rule of law.


BELARUS

 

 

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Daria Minsky

Daria Minsky is a media manager and co-founder of several online magazines in Belarus. After the crackdown on Belarusian media in the summer of 2020, the arrest of her business partner, and raids on their office, she and her remaining partner made a decision to urgently evacuate editorial teams due to the persecution and settle their work in exile. The team is currently implementing an innovative approach, working with user-generated content, amplifying messages through new distribution channels, and bypassing governmental censorship.


BRAZIL

 

 

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Mariana Mello

Mariana Mello was born and raised in the largest city in Brazil: São Paulo. She is a working mother, an active lawyer, the legal director of two Brazilian artists' associations (Abramus, for music and dramaturgy and Autvis, for visual arts), and a member of the Counsel of citizens of her neighborhood. She works in the field of copyright collective management, a system that guarantees copyright holders — musicians, playwrights, choreographers, and visual artists — receive a fair payment for the use of their work. Directly responsible for articulating the associations with the Federal Government and with other international societies, she coordinated the implementation of transparency measures and access to information policies and promoted changes in rules and procedures. She supports government and institutional relations, nationally and internationally.

In her second term as an elected member of the Counsel of citizens, Mello has been working to promote a more occupied and accessible city, especially for women and children. She is involved in projects to promote greater participation of women in the Art industry. She holds degrees in Law and in Language and Literature from the University of São Paulo and is currently on the board of the Brazilian Association of Author’s Right.


BRAZIL

 

 

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Tainah Pereira

Tainah Pereira is a Brazilian internationalist who works on democratic innovation issues with a specific focus on black women’s political participation, qualification of public debate, skills development, and networking for candidates. At present, Tainah works at Mulheres Negras Decidem movement, a group dedicated to black women’s promotion in politics with presence in the whole country, as a Political Coordinator working on themes including the deepening of democracy, open government data, and political articulation. Mulheres Negras Decidem is a political movement created in 2018 which qualifies and promotes the agenda led by black women in institutional politics, strengthening Brazilian democracy. The Movement took part in the advocacy initiative that helped women and black people who are candidates to guarantee equitable access to the resources and time of propaganda during Brazilian elections.

Tainah completed a BA in International Relations and a Master’s in Political Science from Federal University of the Rio de Janeiro State.


ETHIOPIA

 

 

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Assefa Getaneh

Assefa Getaneh is an Ethiopian human rights and peace activist who has worked on human rights, peacebuilding and conflict resolution, and development issues for over 20 years. He is a co-founder and Executive Director of the Center of Concern, an NGO that has been working on human rights, peace, and democracy issues in Ethiopia since 2005. Over the past 17 years as Executive Director, Mr. Assefa led the development and implementation of over 65 projects that focus on human rights, peace building, democracy, and development. Additionally, Mr. Assefa has successfully managed the civic and voter education campaign in the 2021 Ethiopian national and local elections.


GEORGIA

 

 

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Zurab Sanikidze

Zurab Sanikidze has over 14 years of proven professional, managerial, and leadership experience in the fields of rule of law, justice, anti-corruption, good governance, public administration, service delivery, international law, and human rights as a civil servant and top manager working on questions of different institutional reforms and democratization.

His work experience includes roles at the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). He has also held several high-level positions at the Ministry of Justice of Georgia, including Chairman of the Public Service Development Agency where he ensured effective public service delivery through providing services to the citizens based on the principle of “everything in one space” (one of the most innovative and successful reforms made in Georgia). Additionally, Zurab served as the Head of the Analytical Department, ex-officio, and was the General Secretary of Criminal Justice Reform and of the Anti-Corruption Interagency Coordination Council of Georgia. He also represented the Government of Georgia as the Head of Delegation at several international organizations and platforms.

Zurab is an Assistant Professor of International Law, with over 10 years of experience lecturing on international law, human rights, anti-corruption, and public policy. He holds two LL.M and a Bachelor’s degree in International Law. 


GUATEMALA

 

 

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Gabriel Reyes Silva

Gabriel Reyes Silva is a regional program officer for Central America at the National Democratic Institute (NDI) based in Guatemala, a political consultant, media columnist, and college professor. He holds a degree in Political Science and a Master's degree in Public Management and Leadership. He has over 8 years of experience working with civil society, Congress, electoral courts, and other political actors. Reyes Silva is also an enthusiast of the theoretical study of democracy and political ideologies.


INDIA

 

 

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Ritu Sain

Ritu Sain is a career civil servant from India who has extensive experience in public administration, program implementation, and policy formulation spanning from grassroots to the Union government in India. Today, she works as Director General and CEO of the National Anti-Doping Agency with the vision of promoting fair play and integrity in sports. She catalyzed positive social change by organizing thousands of women in self-help groups and empowering them with awareness, education, and livelihood. She has been instrumental in sensitizing education administrators and building the capacity of millions of teachers for the inclusion of children with disabilities in the schooling process. Her zero-landfill model also transformed the waste management landscape and is being replicated in more than 150 cities in India.

Sain is a Chevening Gurukul Fellow from the University of Oxford and holds a Master’s degree in Politics with a specialization in international relations from Jawahar Lal Nehru University, and is a recipient of the Prime Minister’s Award for Excellence in Public Administration and President’s Silver Medal for outstanding zeal and high-quality service.


KAZAKHSTAN

 

 

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Aida Aidarkulova

Aida Aidarkulova is a Kazakh international human rights lawyer with over 15 years of experience in the civil society sector. She is the Chair of the Executive Council of Soros Foundation-Kazakhstan, a national foundation of the Open Society Foundations network in Kazakhstan that serves to promote public policies to safeguard fundamental human rights, ensure budget transparency and accountability, and increase social activism.

Prior to joining the foundation, Aida was a deputy director of the Almaty branch of the Institute for Law Monitoring, Expertise and Analysis, a local think-tank where she was responsible for comparative-legal analysis of draft laws initiated by the Government of Kazakhstan. Her civil society career includes working for the Crisis Center for Women and Children.

Aida holds a Ph.D. in Law from Kunayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.


KENYA

 

 

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Carol Kiangura

Carol Kiangura is a civil society activist who has spent the last 10 years working on fiscal governance and social justice issues across Africa. Carol is based in Nairobi, Kenya, and currently works for People Powered as the Director of Partnerships. People Powered is a global hub for participatory democracy, an organization that builds the power and impact of organizations and leaders around the world who are building more deliberative and participatory democracy, through programs such as participatory budgeting.

Prior to joining People Powered, Carol worked for the International Budget Partnership, where she supported African civil society and government efforts on open and accountable public budget systems, so that all citizens claim their right to understand and influence how public money is raised and spent. Before that, while working for Publish What You Pay (PWYP), Carol championed Pan-African campaigns for an open and accountable extractive industry so that revenues from oil, gas, and mining are used to drive development. She holds an MSc degree in Organizational Development from the United States International University, Africa.


KENYA

 

 

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Jacqueline Manani

Jacqueline Akinyi Okeyo Manani is a lawyer whose work focuses on employment and labor relations, specifically on access to equal opportunities, employment rights and obligations, sustainable leadership and development, corporate governance and values, and principles of public service. Jacqueline currently works for the Public Service Commission in Nairobi Kenya as the Director of Legal Services. The Public Service Commission is an independent Commission established under the provisions of the Constitution of Kenya with a constitutional mandate to manage human resources in the public service.

From 2012 to 2014, Jacqueline was engaged in transitional justice as an Assisting Counsel at the Judges and Magistrates Vetting Board which was set up following the promulgation of a new Constitution in Kenya in 2010. The Judges and Magistrates Vetting Board was established to vet serving judges and magistrates to determine their suitability to continue serving in the new constitutional dispensation.

Jacqueline holds a Bachelor of Laws degree from Moi University, Kenya, and a Master of Law degree from the University of London, United Kingdom.


KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

 

 

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Ainura Usupbekova

Ainura Usupbekova is the head of Civic Platform, an NGO in the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan). As a human rights activist, Usupbekova has promoted basic principles of democratic elections at all levels since 2007. Over many years, her advocacy efforts have led to the electoral legislation adopting amendments to make elections open, transparent, and competitive.

From 2007 to 2015, she created and organized a network of 17 NGOs to hold independent monitoring of the electoral process, using date-based methodology. As a member of the National Council for Sustainable Development, she was one of the experts who contributed to the National Sustainable Development Strategy 2013-2017, which established Kyrgyzstan as a Parliamentarian country.

In 2017, Usupbekova was awarded the Dank Medal for her contributions to the development of Kyrgyzstan as a democratic government. In partnership with other women-led NGOs and UN Women Kyrgyzstan, she conducted large campaigns to promote women's political rights. One such campaign promoted a 30% quota for women in all parliamentary levels and education through design thinking methodology for all female candidates, which allowed for more than 500 women from different regions of the country to participate in elections. Now, 21% of women are represented in the National Parliament, and at local levels have increased from 30% to 43%.


LEBANON

 

 

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Alaa Sayegh

Alaa Al Sayegh is a political activist and social innovator who works on conceptualizing and implementing tools to solve political and socio-economic issues in Lebanon and the Middle East.

Alaa is the Co-founder and Director of Growth and Innovation at "The Solidarity Directory," a social innovation lab that supports solidarity initiatives, collectives, and MSMEs and conducts research with the aim of empowering local communities in their resilience economically and socially.

Alaa plays a leading role in the independent and secular political movement in Lebanon. Since 2015, he took part in mobilizing and organizing several grassroots structures and actively engaged in nationwide protests, lectures, and public debates. Being an agent for change, he ran for parliamentary elections in 2022, representing the alternative voice. He proposed a clear vision and reforms toward a secular, just, and democratic Lebanon.


LEBANON

 

 

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Jad Maalouf

Jad Maalouf is a judicial inspector at the Lebanese Judicial Inspection Commission, which is tasked with investigating and prosecuting corruption and misconduct in the judiciary. He also focuses on anti-corruption work and has participated in drafting some of the laws that have recently been enacted to combat and prevent systemic corruption and increase transparency and access to information.

Jad is dedicated to working with public institutions to initiate and implement sustainable reforms and promote integrity and transparency. During his previous judicial appointments, presiding over civil and commercial courts, Jad issued many innovative decisions in cases pertaining to due process rights, domestic gender-based violence, the freedom of speech, the protection of migrant domestic workers, and illegal detention. Jad holds an LL.B. and three master’s degrees.


LEBANON

 

 

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Natasha E. Feghali

Natasha E. Feghali is a Lebanese Canadian award-winning International Specialist Educator and Entrepreneur currently based in Kuwait. She is an Advanced Instructional Coach in Language Learning with Multi-Lingual Learners at the American Creativity Academy, and an independent real estate entrepreneur, investor, and philanthropist.

Feghali is the Founder of FG Family Homes Inc and Feghali Group, a sustainable and moderate living housing provider. In 2015, Feghali became the first Lebanese Canadian to be awarded the Sovereign Canadian Medal for her dedication to education and the future of youth and women in investing. Feghali was also the recipient of the 40 Under 40 United Way Leadership Windsor-Essex Award for her work in education and, in 2018, the University of Windsor Alumni of Excellence Odyssey Award for her career, entrepreneurship, and philanthropic endeavors in the Lebanese diasporic community.

Feghali is a 2x graduate from the University of Windsor and holds a professional Certification from Northwestern University.


MEXICO

 

 

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Mariela Saldivar

Mariela Saldivar Villalobos is a Mexican activist and politician. She is currently the Executive Director of a non-governmental and non-partisan organization, advocating on behalf of thousands of small and independent business owners. She recently served two terms as a Congresswoman at Nuevo Leon State. Working hand-in-hand with her constituency, she ran successful campaigns to preserve hundreds of hectares of urban parks, promote women's rights, and fight corruption.

In 2018, she formally accused the State Governor of embezzling public resources for his presidential campaign. This accusation eventually led to his prosecution and arrest for electoral crimes. The case is ongoing and represents a watershed event in Mexican politics. Due to her anti-corruption efforts, in 2020 Mariela participated in the International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP), a premier professional exchange program organized by the U.S. Department of State.

Mariela holds a BA in International Relations and a MA in Political Science from Monterrey Tech Institute in Mexico, and an MBA from Thunderbird School of Global Management in Arizona, USA.


MONGOLIA

 

 

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Bulgantuya Khurelbaatar

Bulgantuya Khurelbaatar is a member of the Parliament of Mongolia and Deputy Chairman of the Mongolian People’s Party Caucus of the Parliament. She serves on the Budget Standing Committee, Economic Standing Committee, and Security and Foreign Policy Standing Committee, and chairs the Sub-Committee on Sustainable Development Goals.

Before being elected as a member of parliament, she worked as the Vice Minister of Finance of Mongolia which oversees Mongolia’s macroeconomic and financial policies, budgetary and investment policies, and taxation and state procurement policies. Prior to joining the Ministry of Finance, she served as Secretary of the Mongolian People’s Party in charge of party structure, international relations, and non-government institutions. She has worked in the private sector as Director of Business Development at Petrovis LLC, and Project Manager and Commercial Principal Advisor at Oyu Tolgoi LLC. She has also worked internationally as a consultant on World Bank projects in East Timor and Palestine to improve public financial management.

After completing high school in Australia, she obtained B.A. in Economics from Huazhong University of Science and Technology (PRC) and an M.A in International and Development Economics from Yale University (USA). Bulgantuya Khurelbaatar serves on the board of a number of women’s and youth organizations advocating for youth and women’s empowerment. She speaks Chinese, English, and Japanese.


NEPAL

 

 

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Sarita Pariyar

Sarita Pariyar is a writer and social justice activist. She is also the Principal Investigator of the Samata Foundation’s Just Futures Initiative which aims to engender new narratives of Dalit women. Sarita is the founding convener of the international Darnal Award for Social Justice and serves on the board of Samata Foundation, the Madhesh Foundation, and Accountability Lab.

Sarita writes on politics of caste, gender, and sexuality with a particular focus on lived experiences of Dalit women. Her work has been published in newspapers, magazines, and journals. She is the author of Utsukta, a children's book that deals with caste questions from an intergenerational perspective. She holds a Master’s degree in Sociology and a Bachelor’s degree in Journalism and English Literature from Tribhuvan University.


NIGERIA

 

 

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Babatunde Omilola

Dr. Babatunde Omilola is an international development expert and Head of the Public Health, Security, and Human Development Division of the African Development Bank. He is responsible for managing the African Development Bank’s multi-billion-dollar response to the COVID-19 pandemic to save lives and livelihoods throughout Africa and to help African countries strengthen their health systems, stabilize their economies, and alleviate the economic and social impacts of the pandemic.

A global development leader, Babatunde served as Head of Development Planning with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in New York and led the United Nations Inter-Agency Task Force on the monitoring and implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) globally. He also co-chaired the United Nations Secretary-General’s High-Level Task Force on Global Food and Nutrition Security Technical Team. Babatunde was UNDP’s Regional Practice Leader for poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Africa and UNDP’s Chief Economist and Head of Policy and Strategy in South Africa. He was also the Africa-wide Coordinator with the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). He handled the relationship of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) with the African Union Commission and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. He has visited and delivered development assistance in over 80 countries worldwide in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America, and the Caribbean.

In 2022, Babatunde was selected as a Yale World Fellow at Yale University. He was also selected as a Fellow of Comparative Research Program for preventing and eradicating poverty by the International Social Science Council from 2014 to 2018. Since 2014, he has been an inaugural member of the Committee on Science for the Reduction of Poverty and Inequality of the Academy of Science of South Africa. He won the prestigious Ford Foundation International Fellowship in 2001 and the Graduate Research Fellowship of the International Development Research Centre in 2004 for his MPhil and PhD degrees in International Development and Development Economics from the University of Sussex. He is a writer and regular speaker on global development, democracy, and the rule of law. 


PERU

 

 

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Daniel Alfaro

Daniel Alfaro is a former Minister of Education and now an opinion leader in Peru on public policy issues. He has over 15 years of experience in managing positions in five different public administration sectors at the national level, including Culture, Production, and Tourism. With those learnings, he founded Pirka, an organization that seeks to promote the modernization of the State, teamwork development, innovation, and communication across all public sectors. In addition, along with other former ministers, he is part of Bicentennial Proposals, a project that seeks to promote public policies to overcome the current crisis and resume a path of economic and social development. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of IPAE and La Tarumba, nonprofit associations. For more than 60 years, IPAE has been promoting market development, institutions, and education in the country. Meanwhile, La Tarumba has 38 years of enhancing cultural development through unique artistic and pedagogical proposals based on theater, music, and circus.


REPUBLIC OF CONGO

 

 

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Andrea Ngombet

Andréa Ngombet is a Congolese civil society leader, and founder of the Sassoufit Collective, a Paris-based organization. The Sassoufit Collective works on corruption issues, focusing on transnational kleptocracy, the People's Republic of China's influence on the political system within the Republic of the Congo, and democracy advocacy. Andrea works as Sassoufit Collective's Director of Anti-kleptocracy strategy.

He has authored several opinion papers and participated in investigations that have appeared in international journals and news outlets, including African Arguments, The New York Times, Der Spiegel, The Guardian, Le Monde, and Liberation. In September 2021, Andrea co-authored a report on Congo's oligarch looting strategy, moving their stolen-assets money from the USA to Dubai. Andrea completed his BA in History from la Sorbonne Paris IV University in Paris, France.


SINGAPORE

 

 

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Jamus Lim

Jamus Lim is an associate professor of economics at the Asia-Pacific campus of ESSEC Business School, one of the top business schools in Europe, and a member of the 14th Parliament of Singapore, representing Sengkang. Previously, he was the chief economist of the ThirdRock Group, an investment management and wealth advisory; a lead economist at the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority where he oversaw economic inputs underlying tactical and strategic asset allocation for the sovereign fund's multi-hundred-billion dollar portfolio; and before that, a senior economist with the World Bank where he led a number of initiatives on macroeconomic forecasts, along with analysis of trade, finance, and governance issues in East Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.

His research expertise and interests lie at the intersection of international macro-finance, political economy, and development economics, and his work has appeared in leading academic journals such as the Journal of Monetary Economics and Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, along with policy flagships such as the World Bank's Global Economic Prospects and the joint IMF-World Bank Global Monitoring Report. A seasoned communicator, Jamus’ ideas have been featured in print media such as the Financial Times and Straits Times, and he also regularly shares his views on radio and television outlets such as CNA.

An old Rafflesian, he graduated with first-class honors in economics from the University of Southern Queensland and went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, the University of California, and Harvard University. In his wild, impetuous youth, Jamus was variously a drummer, rugby player, and Solitaire junkie; today, his more mundane pursuits have led him to the trails, gym, kitchen, and cellar (typically in reverse order). 


SOUTH AFRICA

 

 

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Anchal Baniparsadh

Anchal Baniparsadh is a South African businesswoman and professional in the transport sector, serving as a Member of the Transport Appeals Tribunal at the National Department of Transport, South Africa. The Tribunal is a creature of statute that adjudicates appeals relating to public transport operating licenses. Decisions of the Tribunal are in terms of the rule of law and relative legislative framework, reflecting the democratic rights of citizens as entrenched in the Constitution of South Africa. Anchal also serves on the Municipal Bid Appeals Tribunal at the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Department of Treasury, South Africa. She is a Chartered Member of the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT).

Anchal is passionate about transport and believes that mobility is essential to catalyzing economic development to achieve progression as a global nation. Anchal holds a Bachelor of Commerce and Honors from the University of South Africa, and a Master of Commerce degree from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. She has attended various leadership programs at prestigious institutions including MIT in USA and IIMA in India.


TANZANIA

 

 

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Geline Alfred Fuko

Geline Alfred Fuko is a Tanzanian lawyer, human rights activist, and an advocate of the High Court of Tanzania. She works to promote democratic governance, development, and the Rule of Law. Currently, Adv. Geline is the Executive Director of Tangible Initiatives for Local Development Tanzania (TIFLD), a tech-driven NGO whose mission is to contribute to the development of policies and laws that promote democratic principles, strengthen institutions, mainstream the marginalized, and build resilient communities. The organization works to promote sustainable development through participatory approaches and innovative tools. Adv. Geline leads the team in the design and implementation of the organization’s mission as well as developing and managing govtech projects such as Bunge Forum, a citizen-driven digital tool that links citizens and their Members of the Parliament, a Law Reforms Monitoring Digital Tool, a digital database for Civic and Gender Digital innovators, and a tech-kit project for journalists. 

Previously, Geline led a team to manage TACCEO election Observation (ICT Based) Centre under the umbrella of 17 CSOs in Tanzania. Geline is a self-taught music producer who uses digital audio workstations such as Logic Pro and Ableton Live.


TOGO

 

 

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Ornella Moderan

Ornella Moderan is the head of the Sahel Programme at the Institute for Security Studies, a leading pan-African research organization that promotes evidence-based policy responses to Africa’s development, political, and security challenges. She also serves on the Advisory Committee of the Knowledge Platform Security and Rule of Law, a global network of experts who encourage the use of evidence in the field of security & rule of law. As a policy researcher, adviser, and programming specialist, her work focuses on human security, gender equality, and democratic governance in West Africa and the Sahel.

Moderan has spent the past twelve years supporting national governments and civil society actors to advance social justice, effective and accountable security and justice systems, and a durable resolution of large-scale conflict and instability. Her experience includes leadership positions in the humanitarian sector and multiple commitments with the African Union as an elections specialist (Guinea and Nigeria 2013, Egypt and Togo 2014, Liberia 2017, Sierra Leone 2018). She is a graduate of Sciences-Po Paris and the University of Grenoble, France.


TUNISIA

 

 

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Emna Krichene

Emna Krichene is a highly respected senior lawyer admitted to the Tunisian Bar Association, pioneering the development of personal data protection laws in Tunisia. Emna lends her expertise in providing training and capacity-building programs to public and private actors. She works closely with the Personal Data Protection National Authority in Tunisia and provides support to national and international institutions in designing legal frameworks for privacy.

As a law Visiting Professor at Paris Dauphine – Tunis International University, she is a member of the Jury for Data Protection Officers Graduates, with the State Councillor and European Law Representative at the Council of State in charge of the dedicated program at Paris-Dauphine University in France, as well as the President of the Personal Data National Authority in Tunisia.

Emna is involved in civil society activities and was a member of the National Executive Board of the Young Leaders' Center and of the Prestigious Think-Tank Tunisie Alternatives founded by the Former Prime Minister, Mr. Mehdi Jomaa. She completed her legal background with an internationally accredited Executive Master’s Degree in Business Administration from South Mediterranean University in Tunisia.


UKRAINE

 

 

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Denis Gutenko

Denis Gutenko most recently served as the head of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine. Holding this position from 2019-20 he was responsible for dismantling the large-scale State Fiscal Service into three accountable units: Tax Administration, Customs, and Tax police.

Before joining the State Fiscal Service, Gutenko had worked in the Ministry of Economy since 2015. Gutenko promoted deregulation and improvement of the business climate agenda. He initiated and successfully lobbied Parliament to adopt laws on the liberalization of international trade and currency, the transparency of scrap metal exports, and the reform of a corrupt ecological tax policy. Gutenko also led the removal of administrative barriers and outdated currency restrictions, resulting in the increased flow of services and payments for Ukrainian freelancers and small and medium enterprises.

Prior to this Gutenko began his career in the private sector as a banker, auditor, and agribusiness manager, experiences that sparked his interest in improving the Ukrainian state bureaucracy and fighting widespread corruption.


UKRAINE

 

 

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Nariman Ustaiev

Nariman Ustaiev is a director at Gasprinski Institute for Geostrategy and an external advisor for the Committee on Human Rights of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. His work explores the multiple dimensions of Ukraine’s foreign and security policy and their intersection with good governance based on human rights. His areas of expertise are Ukraine, Russia, political and security challenges in Europe, human rights, and Crimean Tatar issues.

Prior to this Nariman had worked for governmental institutions responsible for Ukraine’s security policy, namely the National Security and Defense Council, the Secretariat of the Cabinet Ministers, and the State Service for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol for many years.

Nariman graduated from the Diplomatic Academy at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Academy for Foreign Trade, and Kyiv-Mohyla Business School.


UKRAINE

 

 

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Yulia Bezvershenko

Yulia Bezvershenko is a Ukrainian policy-maker who works on science and innovation (S&I) policy with a specific focus on institution building, promoting science, and creating a knowledge-based economy and society in Ukraine. From 2020-2021, she served as a Director-General of the Directorate for Science and Innovation at the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. It's a unit responsible for national-level S&I policy development, implementation of S&I programs, and international S&I cooperation.

As a scientist and activist, Bezvershenko has been deeply involved in the Ukrainian S&I reform since 2014, elaborating on legislation and creating institutions. She has been a co-founder and Vice-President of the NGO Unia Scientifica and the Young Scientists Council of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine.

Bezvershenko holds a Master of Public Policy and Governance from the Kyiv School of Economics, a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics from the Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, and an MSc in Physics from the National University Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.


UYGHUR

 

 

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Rayhan Asat

Rayhan Asat is an internationally recognized human rights lawyer, Yale Law School Tom & Andi Bernstein Human Rights Fellow, and a senior fellow at The Atlantic Council. A graduate of Harvard Law School, Rayhan specializes in international human rights law, anti-corruption, and compliance with best business practices. Her legal and policy work centers around enforcing human rights norms, fighting against corruption, atrocity prevention, curtailing forced labor, and promoting corporate accountability. She previously advised the World Bank and OECD to design Human-Centered Business Integrity Principles. She testified before the US Congress, the UK, Canadian, European, and Lithuanian parliaments.

Rayhan's brother Ekpar Asat, an award-winning tech-entrepreneur and philanthropist who has disappeared into China’s concentration camps, has become a driving force in her mission as a human rights lawyer. Her human rights advocacy has been featured in various media outlets, including The New York Times, The Guardian, BBC, CNN, Foreign Policy, and The Hill, among others. Her writings have also appeared in The Wall Street Journal, Foreign Policy, NBC News, etc. She's a sought-after speaker at various international forums and conferences including the Geneva Summit, Oslo Freedom Forum, and most recently by invitation of President Joseph Biden as a featured speaker at the 2021 Summit for Democracy.


VENEZUELA

 

 

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Jesus Armas

Jesús Armas is a Venezuelan activist who works to promote liberal democracy with a specific focus on the use of technology for grassroots organization. Through his NGO, Ciudadanía Sin Límites, he leads projects focusing on the humanitarian crisis and access to water and energy in Venezuela. Since 2018, he has promoted the creation of a network of more than 400 citizens who help collect data on failures in access to drinking water and energy.

He has also developed a career as a political leader within the Primero Justicia political party. In 2021, Jesús was a pre-candidate for mayor of Caracas, and in 2013, he was elected as a representative of the Caracas City Council, being the first opposition member to win that district in 14 years.

Jesús received a Chevening Fellowship that allowed him to do his master's degree in public policy at the University of Bristol in England. He completed his Engineering Degree at UCAB.


VIETNAM

 

 

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Tien Trung Nguyen

Tien Trung Nguyen is currently the Vice President of the Vietnamese Independent Union (VIU), which provides activism training for union leaders and improve workers’ legal understanding of their labor rights, and lobbies for foreign pressure on the Vietnamese government to follow the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA). Trung oversees the recruitment of activists and fundraising management for many civil society organizations.

Since 2014, Trung has been advising a civil society association of literary writers and intellectuals that pushes for Vietnam’s cultural change and freedom by uploading YouTube videos and translating English books into Vietnamese on sensitive topics including politics, and democracy. From 2006-2008, Trung served as the Vice General Secretary of the Democratic Party of Vietnam, working to pressure the communist regime toward a multi-party democracy system in Vietnam. He founded the Viet Youth for Democracy, a civil society association that sought to spread democratic values to the young Vietnamese generation.

Trung has written many opinion pieces and political commentaries for BBC Vietnamese, VOA Vietnamese, Tieng Dan News, and US-Vietnam Review (University of Oregon).

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Draper Hills Class of 2022
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Fellows will arrive at Stanford at the end of July to begin the three-week training program that provides a forum for civil society leaders to exchange experiences and receive academic and policy training to enrich their knowledge and advance their work.

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CDDRL Honors Student, 2022-23
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Major: International Relations
Hometown: Missouri City, TX
Thesis Advisor: Kathryn Stoner

Tentative Thesis Title: Divine Right, Revolution, and Republicanism: Discerning the Catholic Church's Role in Democratic Formation in Western Europe

Future aspirations post-Stanford: I am interested in taking my curiosity about political theory and practice to law school, after which I hope to eventually pursue a career in public service.

A fun fact about yourself: I carry the banner of the French House of Bourbon in my backpack wherever I go, and I don’t plan on stopping!

Encina Hall, E103
616 Jane Stanford Way
Stanford, CA 94305

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Senior Research Scholar
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Siu received her Ph.D. from the Department of Communication at Stanford University, with a focus in political communication, deliberative democracy, and public opinion, and her B.A. degrees in Economics and Public Policy and M.A. degree in Political Science, also from Stanford.

Siu has advised policymakers and political leaders around the world, at various levels of government, including leaders in China, Brazil, and Argentina. Her research interests in deliberative democracy include what happens inside deliberation, such as examining the effects of socio-economic class in deliberation, the quality of deliberation, and the quality of arguments in deliberation.

Associate Director, Deliberative Democracy Lab
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The Program on Arab Reform and Democracy (ARD) at CDDRL is pleased to announce the release of the May 2022 issue of Mofeed Digest, a periodic recap of the most important scholarly and policy publications, reports, and articles investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the politics, economies, and societies of the Arab world. 

Mofeed Digest is a feature of the Mofeed Project, an initiative that builds foundational resources for understanding how the politics and societies of the Arab world have adapted in light of the pandemic. The Mofeed Project is supported in part by the Open Society Foundation.

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Mofeed Digest (May 2022)

The following digest summarizes the most important scholarly and policy publications, reports, and articles covering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the politics, economies, and societies of the Arab world. Mofeed Digest is produced by Mofeed Project Coordinator Serage Amatory.

[MENA | Algeria | BahrainEgyptIraq| Jordan| KuwaitLebanonMorocco| OmanPalestine| Qatar| Saudi ArabiaSomalia| SudanTunisia| UAE]

 


MENA

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Population’s Behavior toward COVID-19 Safety Measures: Evidence from Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia
Agence Française de Développement, May 2022
This article captures the public’s behavior toward COVID-19 safety measures in each of Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. In all these countries, the article found that women are those who mostly observe the safety measures.

Social Safety Nets and Food Insecurity in MENA in the Time of COVID-19
Agence Française de Développement, May 2022
This article assesses the efficiency of social safety nets in the MENA region in mitigating food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also provides context for the chronic undernourishment of over 50 million people in the region in 2019.

A Billionaire’s World: Labor, Loss, and Inequality in the Middle East and North Africa During COVID
Harvard International Review, 4 May 2022
This article focuses on the MENA region in juxtaposing the global spike of 3.9 trillion USD in billionaires’ wealth during the first year of the pandemic with the parallel loss of 3.7 trillion USD in workers’ assets.

Diverging Levels of COVID-19 Governmental Response Satisfaction Across Middle Eastern Arab Countries: A Multinational Study
BMC Public Health, 5 May 2022
This article evaluates and compares public opinion on the governmental measures to control the spread of COVID-19 of high, low and middle-income countries in the Middle East. When benchmarked with international levels of satisfaction, GCC countries scored highly whereas Lebanon scored poorly. 

Tracking COVID-19 Urban Activity Changes in the Middle East from Nighttime Lights
Scientific Reports, 16 May 2022
This article utilizes nighttime lights data from NASA from 584 urban areas to track the implementation and adherence to curfew and lockdown measures in 17 MENA countries during the first four months of the COVID-19 pandemic.


Algeria

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The Geometrization of the COVID-19 Care Offer for the ORSEC Plan in Algeria
Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Date Unspecified 
This article utilizes several scientific tools to examine the readiness of different Algerian provinces to face the COVID-19 pandemic.

Intention to Get COVID-19 Vaccination and Its Associated Predictors: A Cross-Sectional Study Among the General Public in Algeria
Science Direct, 13 May 2022 
This article presents the results of an online survey conducted to assess the intentions to receive the Covid-19 vaccine among the Algerian population. Out of a total of 656 participants, 51.1% were in favor of COVID-19 vaccines while 18.5% and 30.5% were against or hesitant respectively.

Side Effects of COVID-19 Inactivated Virus vs. Adenoviral Vector Vaccines: Experience of Algerian Healthcare Workers
Frontiers in Public Health, 16 May 2022
This article evaluates side effects of COVID-19 vaccines in a sample of 721 Algerian healthcare workers. Most common self-reported side effects were injection site pain, arm pain, fatigue, fever, headache and myalgia. 

Food Behavior of the Algerian Population at the Time of the COVID-19: The First Survey Carried Out in the Western Algerian Region
South Asian Journal, 28 May 2022
This article sheds light on the Algerian population's food habits during the pandemic through an observational and descriptive epidemiological study conducted on 640 individuals.


 

Bahrain

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Comparative Modelling of Stock Price Volatility Before and During the COVID- 19 Pandemic in Bahrain: Implications to the Effect of the Pandemic to Stock Price Autocorrelation
Diamond Scientific Publishing, Date Unspecified  
This article studies the volatility of stock prices before and during the pandemic in Bahrain. It found that the weekly price movements of the BAX index were more volatile during the pandemic than before its onset.

The Effect of Age, Gender and Comorbidities Upon SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Induction After Two Doses of Sinopharm Vaccine and the Effect of a Pfizer/BioNtech Booster Vaccine
Frontiers in Immunology, 30 May 2022
This article reports the findings of a study that evaluated antibody levels in 379 Bahraini individuals to assess the effect of a COVID-19 booster dose. The authors hoped that their study would help develop a triple dose vaccination strategy to ensure protective immunity against COVID-19.

 

 

Egypt

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Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiothoracic Surgery: Experience of Alexandria (Egypt) Main University Hospital
Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 23 May 2022
This article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the workflow and waiting lists of high-cost Cardiothoracic surgeries in Egypt. It found that cardiac surgeries have witnessed the worst consequences, including cancellation of all surgeries, expansion of waiting lists, and patients' non-compliance with follow-up.


 

Iraq

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Trends in COVID-19: Incidence, mortality, and case fatality in Iraq
Saudi Medical Journal, May 2022
This article reports the findings of a biometric study conducted in 2021 to help detect the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 in Iraq, the distribution of cases according to age, gender, and geographic distribution. The authors also examined morbidity and mortality rates to evaluate the intensity of the COVID-19 burden on the Iraqi healthcare system.


Jordan

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The Impact of COVID-19 on the Jordanian Households and Firms: Findings from the ERF Covid-19 Monitor in Jordan 
Economic Research Forum, May 2022
ERF and FCDO collaborated to conduct short panel phone surveys aiming to assess how Jordanian households, firms, micro firms, and workers cope with the impact of COVID-19.

Attitude of Pregnant and Lactating Women toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Jordan: a Cross-Sectional Study
Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 3 May 2022
This article reports the findings of a study conducted with pregnant and lactating women in Jordan to determine their stances towards the COVID-19 vaccine and understand their varying attitudes. 

COVID-19 Epidemiology and Changes in Health Service Utilization in Azraq and Zaatari Refugee Camps in Jordan: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Plos Medicine, 10 May 2022
This article utilized observational programmatic data to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Jordan, and at two refugee camps Zaatari and Azraq specifically. The authors analyzed the difference in routine health services pre and post COVID-19. 

Conception Preferences during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns
Behavioral Sciences, 13 May 2022
This article focused on women in Jordan to study their insights regarding fertility, the preparedness to use assisted reproductive technology, and the awareness and beliefs related to conceiving during the COVID-19 pandemic.


 

Kuwait

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School Is Closed : Simulating the Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic–Related School Disruptions in Kuwait
World Bank, 5 May 2022
This working paper tackles the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent educational disruptions on students in Kuwait. It found that during the pandemic, students in Kuwait faced significant reductions in their lifetime income, with males facing a larger reduction than females.

COVID-19 Outcomes Among Rheumatic Disease Patients in Kuwait: Data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (C19-GRA) Physician Registry
International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, 11 May 2022
This article assesses the characteristics of inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD) patients in Kuwait diagnosed with COVID-19 and the factors linked with hospitalization, complications, and mortality.


 

Lebanon

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Lebanon: Challenges and Successes in COVID-19 Pandemic Response
Rand Corporation, 6 May 2022 
This blog-post from The Rand Blog identifies challenges in COVID-19 responses faced by Lebanon amid the current political and economic crises. The authors also highlights the country’s successes and innovations in combating those challenges. 

Too Much to Mask: Determinants of Sustained Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures Among older Syrian Refugees in Lebanon
MedRxiv, 10 May 2022 
This article studies the determinants of adherence of two non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 preventive measures in Lebanon: masking-up and social distance.  The study focused on Syrian refugees in Lebanon aging 50 and older. 

The Impact of COVID-19 and the Economic Crisis on Lebanese Public Health: from Food insecurity to Healthcare Disintegration
Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, 16 May 2022
This article reviews the impact of the economic crisis in Lebanon and the pandemic's effect on health and healthcare. The study looked at measures such as food insecurity, water shortages, hospital and medication crises, labor force issues, and electricity and fuel shortages. 

Development of a Quality Assurance Tool for Intensive Care Units in Lebanon during the COVID-19 Pandemic
International Journal for Quality in Healthcare, 31 May 2022
This article was motivated by the fact that the World Health Organization has supported the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health to increase ICU beds at public hospitals by 300%, without having a readily available tool to monitor the quality of ICU care. Therefore, the authors describe the process of rapidly developing and implementing a tool to monitor the quality of ICU care at public hospitals in Lebanon.


 

 

Morocco 

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Real-world study of the effectiveness of BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) COVID-19 vaccine in the Kingdom of Morocco
medRxiv, 27 April 2022 
This article discusses the findings of a case control study that was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Sinopharm vaccine in Morocco. The results were in agreement with the literature showing it was highly protective against serious and critical hospitalization. 

Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Morocco: Applying the Health Belief Model
Vaccines, 16 May 2022
This article presents an analysis of a cross-sectional survey completed by 3800 individuals to identify the factors that influenced the population in Morocco to receive the vaccine. Authors show that the strongest predictor for the intention of receiving a vaccine is whether a participant is married.

Role of Instagram on the Purchasing Behavior of Moroccan Consumers during the COVID-19
International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics, 31 May 2022
This article delineates the factors that influenced the purchasing habits of Moroccans during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigates the way Instagram specifically shaped these behaviors. It presents the results of a survey taken among 200 Instagram using consumers.


 

 

Oman

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Psychological Effects of, and Compliance with, Self-Isolation among COVID-19 Patients in South Batinah Governorate, Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study
The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 8 May 2022
This article investigates the extent to which COVID-19 patients complied with self-isolation policies. It also examines the psychological effects of self-isolation on patients in Oman.

The Impact and Challenges of Education and Administration in VET on Economic Growth in Oman During the COVID-19 Period
Frontiers in Psychology, 16 May 2022
This article aims to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic growth and the impact of institutional management and education on Vocational Education and Training schools in Oman. 

Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of COVID-19 in a Primary Care Center in the South Batinah Region of Oman
Cureus, 18 May 2022
This article reviews the medical charts of 150 patients at Rustaq Polyclinic in South Oman to identify the clinical and biomedical profile of the coronavirus disease and variations across demographic groups.


 

Palestine

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Seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 Antibodies Among Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Adults in the West Bank: Results of a Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
medRxiv, 16 May 2022
This article discusses the findings of an assessment of the seroprevalence rate among a random sample of Palestinians residing in the West Bank region. The authors reveal a drastic rise in seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies due to infection and vaccination.

UNRWA Releases Health Programme Report: Innovation in the Face of Covid-19 – Press Release
United Nations, 24 May 2022
This UNRWA report examines the situation of Palestinian refugees during the COVID-19 pandemic against the backdrop of the hostilities in Gaza, the ongoing war in Syria, and the economic/social/political crisis in Lebanon.


 

Qatar

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Effectiveness of Ehteraz Digital Contact Tracing App versus Conventional Contact Tracing in Managing the Outbreak of COVID-19 in the State of Qatar
BMJ Innovations, 3 May 2022
This article uses two databases to evaluate the accuracy of Ehteraz (the Qatari app for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic) as a tracing tool and compares its effectiveness to that of the traditional human led case investigation. 

Effect of mRNA Vaccine Boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Qatar
The New England Journal of Medicine, 12 May 2022
This article conducted two retrospective studies in Qatar to examine the effectiveness of a booster vaccination, compared to the usual two dose vaccination, in preventing SARS-COV-2 infection and serious COVID-19 hospitalization and death.

Flu Vaccine Could Cut COVID Risk
Nature, 12 May 2022
This article reports that influenza vaccines were effective in preventing COVID-19 according to a study held on more than 30,000 healthcare workers in Qatar.

Predictors of Mortality and Morbidity in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: An Experience from a Low Mortality Country
Health Sciences Report, 17 May 2022
This article studies the clinical characteristics and factors associated with mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units in Qatar. They found that these rates were lower in Qatar compared to other countries. 

The Association between Tobacco Use and COVID-19 in Qatar
Preventive Medicine Reports, 19 May 2022
This article studies the association between tobacco usage and COVID-19 hospitalization cases.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown “Home Quarantine” on the Physical Activity and Lifestyle of Children in Qatar
Frontiers in Public Health, 25 May 2022  
This article presents the results of a cross-sectional online survey distributed in Qatar to assess the impact of quarantine on physical activity, screen time, sleep, and diet in children aging 5 to 12.


 

Saudi Arabia

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Fractional-Order Coronavirus Models with Vaccination Strategies Impacted on Saudi Arabia's Infections
AIMS Mathematics, Date Unspecified  
This article highlights the role of fractional calculus models in describing the growth of COVID-19 dynamics in Saudi Arabia over the span of 107 days. 

Post-Acute COVID-19 Condition in Saudi Arabia: A National Representative Study
Journal of Infection and Public Health, May 2022
This article presents a retrospective cross-sectional study characterizing the symptoms that appear after SARS-COV-2 infection in Saudi Arabia. The article also determines the relationship of the different “post-symptoms” with COVID-19 severity. 

Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Findings, Management, and Outcome of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children at a Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study
Frontiers in Pediatrics, 3 May 2022
This article investigates the clinical features of COVID-19 infected children, and discusses the therapeutic methods used in their treatment in Saudi Arabia. It analyzes data on children with COVID-19, including demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, imaging and laboratory results, therapies, and clinical outcomes.

Perceived Stress and Resilience Levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Critical Care Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Correlational Cross-Sectional Study
PeerJ, 6 May 2022
This article studies the level of stress of nurses working in critical care units fighting directly against COVID-19. Although COVID-19 cases had declined significantly during the study period in Saudi Arabia, the majority of nurses were still experiencing moderate to high levels of stress about the epidemic, but were, at the same time, moderately resilient.

Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances Associated With the COVID-19 Outbreak in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Cureus, 9 May 2022
This article assesses the occurrence of sleep disturbance associated with the spread of COVID-19 among residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It also discusses the psychological effects of the outbreak. 

Effect of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Saudi Arabia
Plos Global Public Health, 9 May 2022
This article reports on a study of the relation between non-pharmaceutical interventions (such as masking and lockdowns etc…) and SARS-COV-2 transmission in Saudi Arabia during its first pandemic wave. 

The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Residents of Saudi Arabia
Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 13 May 2022
This article studies stress levels and their determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. The authors report that 35.4% of participants suffered from moderate or severe psychological impact, 19.7% had a mild psychological impact, whereas 44.9% reported minimal psychological impact. 

How Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are Coping with COVID-19 Pandemic
Journal of Public Health Research, 16 May 2022
This article sheds light on the coping mechanisms adopted by higher education students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results reveal that the 4 most frequent strategies were: seeking social support, acceptance, mental disengagement, and humanitarian engagement. 

Stress Perception among Dental Practitioners in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Sigma Vitae, 18 May 2022
This article reports the stress levels among dentists in Saudi Arabia after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. Overall dental practitioners are at moderate stress levels; among them, males, private practitioners, and dentists above 50 years of age exhibited more stress, whereas graduates had the least stress scores.

A Remaining Piece of the COVID-19 Puzzle: Saudi Arabia’s Remittances Account
King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 30 May 2022
This paper assesses the behavioral shift and trend break in remittance outflows from Saudi Arabia which is ranked among the top 5 countries in remittance worldwide. It contextualizes the change within the reality of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Knowledge Levels of Acceptance and Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccine Among General Population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Medicine and Pharmacology, 31 May 2022
This article examines the knowledge levels of acceptance and hesitancy of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine among the population of Saudi Arabia. 


 

Somalia

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Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Somalia’s Businesses
World Bank, 5 May 2022
This World Bank blog-post discusses the COVID-19 related sections of the WB Somalia Economic Update.


 

Sudan

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Women Mental Health Status and Behaviour Change during the COVID-19 in Sudan
Heliyon, May 2022
This article discusses the results of a questionnaire assessing women's roles during the COVID-19 pandemic in Khartoum, Sudan. It also tackles changes in their mental health. 

Face Mask Practice and Technique During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nonrepresentative Cross-Sectional Study in Sudan
Patient Preference and Adherence, 3 May 2022
This article reports the findings of a cross-sectional study conducted among Sudanese aged 18 and older to assess face mask wearing practice during the COVID-19 pandemic among the Sudanese population. 

Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of COVID-19 on Migrants in Eastern Sudan
DTM, 15 May 2022
This report examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on various aspects of migrants’ life in Sudan.

Widespread Cynicism About COVID-19 Vaccines In Sudan
SMEX, 26 May 2022
This article highlights the governmental and non-governmental responses in Sudan to counter vaccine and COVID-19 misinformation online.


 

 

Tunisia

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Phylogenetic and Amino Acid Signature Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2s Lineages Circulating in Tunisia
Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 10 May 2022
This article identifies SARS-COV-2 lineages in Tunisia and explores their genetic characteristics. The researchers captured a total of 335 mutations. 


 

UAE

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Vaccine Side Effects Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among the Residents of the UAE—An Observational Study
Frontiers in Public Health, 6 May 2022
This article aims to investigate the nature, difference, and severity of COVID-19 vaccines’ side effects.

The Psychological Distress and COVID-19 Pandemic during Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Study from United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Heliyon, 13 May 2022
This article evaluates the psychological impact of COVID-19 related lockdown measures on UAE residents. It concludes that the lockdown more psychologically impacted males, older people, and unemployed individuals during the pandemic.

Investigation of Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Among Communities of Universities in the United Arab Emirates
Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 20 May 2022 
This article investigates the impact of various factors on the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in 5 universities across UAE. 

Impact of the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic and Related Vaccination in an Orthopedic Clinic in the United Arab Emirates: An Observational Study
Frontiers in Surgery, 31 May 2021
This article explores the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination on individuals fighting musculoskeletal disorders in the UAE.

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Mofeed Digest 2
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The Program on Arab Reform and Democracy (ARD) at CDDRL is pleased to announce the release of the May 2022 issue of Mofeed Digest, a periodic recap of the most important scholarly and policy publications, reports, and articles investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the politics, economies, and societies of the Arab world.

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The Stanford Center on Democracy, Development and Rule of Law released today its Future of Governance, Media, and Civil Society in California Report made possible by a grant from the California 100 Initiative. For several months, the research team led by Francis Fukuyama and Michael Bennon examined where California has been, where it’s at, and where it’s headed when it comes to possible scenarios and policy alternatives for the future.

“California faces big governance challenges in which collective action is too easy to veto, and needs to change basic institutions if it is going to deal with issues like climate change and housing,” said Fukuyama. “The state was at the forefront of the Progressive Era governance reform movement and remains there today,” added Bennon. “This project is an evaluation of California’s current governance and an envisioning of potential reforms.”

California faces big governance challenges in which collective action is too easy to veto, and the state needs to reform its basic institutions if it is going to deal with issues like climate change and housing.
Francis Fukuyama
Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow at FSI

The research proposes four alternative scenarios for the state’s future and provides policy options:

Scenario 1: California Technocracy
Administrative state grows in size and authority

After a series of crises including rampant homelessness, water shortages, earthquakes, wildfires, and floods that required invoking emergency powers, Californias citizens delegate more authority to elected officials. Direct democracy is regarded as a relic of the Progressive Era, a corruptible process subject to the capture of special interests. Californians support reforms for more independent, technocratic governance and decision-making at the state and local levels. Silicon Valley works to make the California civil service more skilled at every level, but as local media sources dwindle and as Californians increasingly rely on the state for services and information, hints of an authoritarian government spread.

As California's state administration grows, new regulatory agencies are established to combat climate change, expand charter and private school options, and supervise the states healthcare system. Along with this development, the governors power extends, and the new agencies are run by political appointees under their direct control. A united legislature reforms CEQA to limit its scope and impact, and raises the signature thresholds for recalls and elections. Although things get done, some groups argue that California has become a technocracy uninformed by and unresponsive to popular concerns.

Scenario 2: Government Rethought
Governance reforms bring a wave of state action and development

Following a succession of crises, a New Public Compact streamlines government decision-making processes. New election financing laws ensure public involvement while reducing veto points. The government funds nonprofit organizations to mobilize the entire community, strengthens the local media, and holds well-attended deliberative polls to engage the public. Reforms lead to a boom in public works and private property development. Through the referendum process, Californians rethink Proposition 13 and develop a new system for property taxes and graduated income taxes.

Silicon Valley and public schools across California work to improve the technical competence of the civil service and to develop exciting online tools to engage the public. California undergoes a set of reforms and overhauls similar to the New Deal, and local communities build out their information infrastructures, including local media, to connect residents with local resources and services. Californians become increasingly informed about the democratic process as more reform options become available, and their engagement increases through political activism.

Scenario 3: California Vetocracy
Supporting status quo with limited information yet increased direct participation

In California's crisis-ridden landscape, voters are frantic to fix government, making progressive era direct democracy increasingly popular. As veto points increase in state decision-making, so does the difficulty in making significant decisions and developments. Due to the loss of newspapers and media outlets, the public knows little about government. Small groups of reformers become powerful as they use direct democracy to propose one partially thought-out initiative after another. NIMBYism and narrow interests are fueled by CEQA, which applies to every government and private action. Recalls of elected officials increase significantly throughout the state. Each governor faces recall attempts. At all levels, the civil service is weak, poorly paid, untrained, and overwhelmed by the chaos it faces. Trust in government spirals downward.

The California State Supreme Court finally rules against SB 9, which restricted local control over housing developments, and settles the matter for the time being. In response to crisis situations, decisive action is episodic, with one movement after another that leads to new initiatives or recalls, but to no real results. Despite greater local control and increased direct citizen participation, access to information continues to rely on online, national news sources. In the absence of local and community information, misinformation flourishes about the effectiveness and impact of veto points.

Scenario 4: Burbclave California
Local governments demand control for governance over statewide leadership

There is a local demand for action in response to California's environmental, housing, and other crises, in concert with a strengthening of citizen participation. The burbclave movement arises as local communities start demanding greater local control and authority to cope with statewide problems like affordable housing, access to healthcare, and strong education. Through reform of Proposition 13, local governments gain more control over public actions and state finances.

As local control becomes more prevalent throughout the state, local and community media outlets emphasize the immediate benefits of locally-driven solutions. Some communities have solved the housing crisis, water crisis, and other crises, but the solutions are limited to those communities. Additionally, some communities become exasperated when their residents feel they have to participate so much, and residents become burned out due to constant information. Local decisions are usually determined by those with the loudest voices. Some communities flourish, but others struggle to solve issues, particularly poorer communities with limited resources. Consequently, their public infrastructure, safety, and educational systems suffer. Some people can solve this problem with gated communities, private schools, private roads, and private policing, but others who lack resources suffer from bad roads, inadequate housing, and poor schools.

The researchers at CDDRL propose the following policy alternatives for the future:

  • Policy reforms to improve the transparency and adjudication of CEQA disputes and litigation. 
  • Reforms that will better empower California's elected representatives to take action to address the state's challenges.

Bennon notes that “it has long been recognized that CEQA has a dual purpose in both protecting the environment and promoting informed self-government in California. As we evaluate CEQA practices and policy alternatives today, we should do so against those two original goals of the law.”

Discussing the policy alternatives, Fukuyama adds that “the decline of local media creates particular problems for local participation, and needs to be bolstered if citizen civic capacity is to evolve to meet the state’s governance needs.”

After months of diligent research by our partners across the state, we are excited to share their findings with the public to kickstart a conversation about the policy options we can take to create an inclusive, equitable, and sustainable California.
Karthick Ramakrishnan, PhD
Executive Director of California 100

“After months of diligent research by our partners across the state, we are excited to share their findings with the public to kickstart a conversation about the policy options we can take to create an inclusive, equitable, and sustainable California,” said Karthick Ramakrishnan, PhD, executive director of California 100. “Our research partners engaged a diverse group of stakeholders in their work and it will take all of them and all of us to take this work and make it actionable today – to influence tomorrow.”

California 100, incubated at the University of California and Stanford University, released today its next three policy and scenario reports focusing on the future of health and wellness, immigrant integration, and public safety in the golden state. In July, California 100 announced grants to 18 centers and institutes across California to examine future scenarios with the potential to shape California’s leadership in the coming century, with a focus on 13 priority research areas (listed below). In March, California 100 released its first four policy and scenario reports focused on the future of advanced technology, energy, housing, and transportation. 

These research reports were produced as part of California 100’s research stream of work led by Henry E. Brady, PhD, Director of Research for California 100, current professor, and former Dean of the Goldman School of Public Policy. 
California 100 announced its diverse and intergenerational Commission in October and its Advisory Council in December. California 100’s core mission is to strengthen California’s ability to collectively solve problems and shape our long-term future—through research, policy innovation, advanced technology, and engagement—by identifying, mobilizing, and supporting champions for innovative and equitable solutions.

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Governance in California California 100
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The research team led by Francis Fukuyama and Michael Bennon examined where California has been, where it’s at, and where it’s headed when it comes to possible scenarios and policy alternatives for the future.

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Over the past decade, there has been an extremely rapid increase in bilaterally financed infrastructure projects globally, as part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The BRI is a broad initiative involving many Chinese state-owned enterprises to develop transport and other infrastructure across the developing world, with bilateral financing from either the China Development Bank (CDB) or the China Export–Import Bank (CEXIM). More recently, many large BRI projects have undergone renegotiations with borrower nations or caused financial distress. This provides a useful opportunity to evaluate the BRI through the lens of the obsolescing bargain model. The obsolescing bargain has historically been used to describe the relationship between multinational corporations (MNCs) and the developing countries they invest in. For large capital investments paid off over a long operating period, such as infrastructure projects, the obsolescing bargain describes a shift in leverage from MNCs to the host nation once the capital investment is complete, often leading to renegotiation or even expropriation. This study examines the BRI through the lens of the obsolescing bargain to evaluate the practices of China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and policy banks in mitigating political risk.

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A study examining the BRI through the lens of the obsolescing bargain to evaluate the practices of China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and policy banks in mitigating political risk.

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Oxford Review of Economic Policy
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Michael Bennon
Francis Fukuyama
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Issue 2, Summer 2022, Pages 278–301
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The Program on Arab Reform and Democracy (ARD) at CDDRL is pleased to announce the release of the April issue of Mofeed Digest (April 2022), a periodic recap of the most important scholarly and policy publications, reports, and articles investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the politics, economies, and societies of the Arab world. 

Mofeed Digest is a feature of the Mofeed Project, an initiative that builds foundational resources for understanding how the politics and societies of the Arab world have adapted in light of the pandemic. The Mofeed Project is supported in part by the Open Society Foundation.

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Mofeed Digest (April 2022)

The following digest summarizes the most important scholarly and policy publications, reports, and articles covering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the politics, economies, and societies of the Arab world. Mofeed Digest is produced by Mofeed Project Coordinator Serage Amatory.

[MENA | Algeria | Bahrain | EgyptIraq| Jordan| KuwaitLebanon| Libya| OmanPalestine| Qatar| Saudi ArabiaSomalia| Sudan| SyriaTunisia| UAE]

 


MENA

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Reality Check : Forecasting Growth in the Middle East and North Africa in Times of Uncertainty 
World Bank, 11 April 2022 
This World Bank report projects an uncertain and uneven recovery in the MENA region. [ARABIC]

The Geopolitics of the North African Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic: Opportunities and Challenges 
Journal of International Women’s Studies, 15 April 2022 
This article examines the response of the North African countries to the pandemic, the opportunities and the challenges facing the region, and the lessons learned in order to be better prepared for impending crises.

Khalid Abu-Ismail on the Impact of COVID-19 on Poverty and Food Insecurity in the Arab Region 
Economic Research Forum, 19 April 2022 
In this video, Khalid Abu-Ismail, senior economist at the UN’s Economic and Social Commission to West Asia (ESCWA), discusses the role of ESCWA in mitigating the impacts of the pandemic and how to build on existing social protection networks to mitigate the pandemic’s impact on food insecurity. 

Attitudes Towards Mask Wearing in MENA: The Impact of Gender and Education 
Wilson Center, 20 April 2022 
This Wilson Center article analyzes respondents’ opinions on their risk of contracting the virus, preparedness for preventing its spread, and level of responsibility to protect themselves and others. The findings suggest that within their education, age, and marital status groups, women more frequently report mask-wearing and taking actions to prevent the spread of the virus.

UNHCR MENA COVID-19 Year-End Report (January-December 2021) 
UNHCR, 20 April 2022  
This is the end of year report from the UNHCR for the MENA region which offers a holistic overview of the region’s situation vis-a-vis the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. It presents major regional developments, key figures and important achievements. 

COVID-19, Economic Problems, and Family Relationships in Eight Middle East and North African Countries 
Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Sciences, 29 April 2022 
This article assesses the reported family relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association between these relationships and individual, interpersonal, and country-level income in eight Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. Family relationships improved or remained unchanged for those who tested positive for COVID-19 and did not improve for those who lost wages or lost someone due to COVID-19.


Algeria

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Diversity Impact on Vaccine Equity in Algeria 
Minority Rights Group, 4 April 2022 
The Minority Rights Group conducted research on the impact of language and ethnicity on COVID-19 vaccine confidence among indigenous Amazigh communities in Algeria. This report provides a brief analysis of the monitoring efforts from January 2021 (the beginning of the vaccine campaign in Algeria) to March 2022. 

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Hesitancy (VBH) and Its Drivers in Algeria: National Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study 
Vaccines, 15 April 2022 
This article studies COVID-19 vaccine booster acceptance and its associated factors in the general population in Algeria. The study utilized social media platforms to distribute an online self-administered questionnaire for vaccinated Algerian citizens.


 

Bahrain

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Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 BBIBP-CorV Vaccine in Children 3-12 Years Old 
Vaccines, 11 April 2022 
This article evaluates the reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of BBIBP-CorV, prior to involving this age group in the vaccination program in the kingdom of Bahrain.

Perceptions of Medical Students on Distance Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Bahrain 
Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 21 April 2022 
This article explores medical students’ views of online learning during this pandemic at the Arabian Gulf University in Bahrain. The authors also analyze the association between students’ perceptions and certain demographic and institutional factors.


 

Egypt

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Central Bank Of Egypt's Measures to Offset the Impact of COVID-19 
Central Bank of Egypt, April 2022 
This document from Egypt’s Central Bank lays out state measures to mitigate the effects of COVID-19. 

Modeling COVID-19 Effects on SDGs Using System Dynamics in Egypt 
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Research, 5 April 2022 
To address the challenges imposed by the coronavirus pandemic on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a thorough examination of the pandemic’s influence on four SDGs in Egypt is presented in a system dynamic model. The model predicts declining poverty, decreasing percentage of food insecurity, rising growth rates, and declining GHG emissions.

Egyptian Small and Medium Sized Enterprises’ Battle against COVID-19 Pandemic: March – July 202 
Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences, 11 April 2022 
This article investigates the effect of the pandemic on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt and how they reacted to the outbreak. It suggests that practical measurements should not only provide first aid to start-ups by alleviating the pressure caused by constrained cash flow but also consider long-term measures embedded in and supported by the wider entrepreneurial ecosystem to ensure start-ups rapid recovery and growth.

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Perceptions Among Dental Teaching Staff of a Governmental University in Egypt 
Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 21 April 2022 
This study aimed to assess vaccine acceptance and its determinants among a group of dental teaching staff in Egypt. At the time of conducting this study (August 2021–October 2021), less than half of the participating dental teaching staff in the studied Egyptian university were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. 

Infection and Severity of COVID-19 Infection among Health Care Workers: A Report from Egypt 
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets, 25 April 2022 
This article aims to determine the percentage of COVID-19 infection and risk factors associated and predictors of COVID-19 among health care workers in Assiut University Hospital. It concludes that healthcare workers are at-risk for severe COVID-19 infection.


 

Iraq

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The Passage of Time in Iraq during the COVID-19 Pandemic 
PLoS One, 14 April 2022 
This article studies the pandemic’s impact on the subjective speed at which people feel like time is passing. It explores experiences of the passage of time in Iraq. An online questionnaire was used to explore the passage of time during the day, week, and the 11 months since the first period of COVID-19 restrictions were imposed in Iraq.

Iraq Pulse: Unrest amid the COVID-19 Pandemic 
Arab Barometer, 19 April 2022 
This ArabBarometer article describes Iraqi attitudes vis-à-vis living conditions and other metrics amid the pandemic. The findings of this survey display public discontent over political life, dissatisfaction with education and health systems and economic performances, and concerns about civil liberties.

COVID-19 Vaccine Inequities and Hesitancy in Iraq 
World Bank, 28 April 2022 
Starting in August 2020, the World Bank collaborated with the World Food Program (WFP) and implemented nine (9) rounds of the Iraq High Frequency Phone Survey (IHFPS) as part of the WFP’s monthly mVAM survey. This brief presents findings on COVID-19 vaccination disparities and hesitancy from the last three rounds of the IHFPS.


Jordan

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Study of Climatology Parameters on COVID-19 Outbreak in Jordan 
Environmental Earth Sciences, 4 April 2022  
This research aims to study the association between the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in the three major cities of Jordan, namely Amman, Zarqa, and Irbid, and climate indicators to include the average daily temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, pressure, and the concentration of four pollutants (CO, NO2, PM10, and SO2). It was concluded that the multiple linear regression and feedforward artificial neural network could forecast the COVID-19 confirmed cases in the case studies; Amman, Irbid, and Zarqa.

Assessment of COVID-19 Molecular Testing Capacity in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study at the Country Level 
Diagnostics, 6 April 2022 
This article assesses the overall COVID-19 molecular testing capacity in Jordan as of April 2021. It identifies potential defects that could comprise the utility of the COVID-19 molecular testing capacity in the country. 

Mitigating Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers as COVID-19 Waves Ensue: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study from Jordan 
Human Resources for Health, 11 April 2022 
The authors have previously studied psychological distress in healthcare practitioners (HCPs) during the start of the pandemic and demonstrated that HCPs were experiencing considerable stress, despite the country reporting low caseloads at the time of the study. In this article, they utilize the same methodology to reexamine levels of distress as COVID-19 peaked in the country and HCPs began managing large numbers of COVID-19 cases.

Acute Kidney Injury among Hospital-Admitted COVID-19 Patients: A Study from Jordan 
International Journal of General Medicine, 29 April 2022 
This article looks into Acute kidney Injury (AKI) as among the more dangerous complications contributing to morbidity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. It concludes that early recognition of and treatment for AKI will decrease mortality and hospitalization in patients with COVID-19.

Impact of COVID-19 Exclusive Allocation Strategy on Quality of Healthcare: A Study from Jordan, 2020 
Health Security, 29 April 2022 
This article focuses on the Jordanian strategy of allocating tertiary healthcare centers exclusively for COVID-19 patients and postponing all other treatments and healthcare provision. Authors collected data on admissions, occupancy of hospital beds, and length of stay at emergency departments and outpatient clinics, as well as surgeries conducted. 


 

Kuwait

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The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgeons and Surgical Residents' Caseload, Surgical Skills, and Mental Health in Kuwait 
Medical Principles and Practice - The International Journal of the Kuwait University, 5 April 2022 
This article assesses the psychological impact resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and outlines the effect it had on surgical training. It concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the psychological well-being of a significant proportion of surgeons and associated surgical training programs.


 

Lebanon

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Assessing the Pharmaceutical Care Provision to Suspected COVID-19 Patients in Community Pharmacies: A Simulated Patient Study 
BMC Health Services Research, 9 April 2022 
This article assesses the appropriateness of pharmaceutical care provided by CPs to patients with suspected COVID-19 and to investigate their communication skills. A simulated patient (SP) study was conducted among randomly selected community pharmacies in Beirut, Lebanon. 

Lebanon’s COVID-19 Vaccination Digital Platform Promotes Transparency & Public Trust 
World Bank, 26 April 2022 
This World Bank blog-post, also available in Arabic, reviews the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 in Lebanon. It states that the COVID-19 vaccination campaign was implemented in a transparent, equitable, and efficient manner, and has contributed to reducing COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. [ARABIC]


 

Libya

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Impact of Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health among the Libyan Population 
PLoS One, 28 April 2022 
This article aims to determine the prevalence of psychological illness and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Libyan population’s mental health.


 

Oman

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Regulatory Measures and Priorities in Response in Oman to the COVID19 Pandemic  
The Electrochemical Society, Date Unspecified  
This article explores the role of various initiatives taken by authorities and measures the other viable options to the pandemic. It concludes that the authorities have considered adopting emergency measures to assist residents in managing their work and care, to strengthen and expand income support measures, to broaden support for SMEs and self-employed people and to improve measures for health care services once for all. 

Fatality Prediction of COVID-19 by Using Machine Learning: Oman Dataset 
Sultan Qaboos University, Date Unspecified  
This Sultan Qaboos University working paper presents the outcomes of a cohort study of 467 confirmed COVID-19 patients in Oman. It studies the capacity of machine learning technologies to predict COVID-19 fatality cases. 

Shipping and Transportation Traffic of Medical and Non-Medical Goods Before and During COVID-19 in Oman 
Procedia Computer Science, Date Unspecified 
This article investigates the changes in the shipping and transportation traffic of medical and non-medical goods during and before the start of COVID-19 pandemic in Oman.

Spatial Associations between COVID-19 Incidence Rates and Work Sectors: Geospatial Modeling of Infection Patterns among Migrants in Oman 
Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 5 April 2022 
This article models spatial associations between COVID-19 incidence rates and migrant workers. It explains the spatial relationships between COVID-19 infection rates of migrants and the type of workplace at the subnational level in Oman.


 

Palestine

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A Feminist Economic Analysis of COVID-19 Impact on the Palestinian Economy.                                                                                                                                          UN Women Palestine,Date Unspecified  
This report from the UN Women Palestine examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Palestinians from a feminist perspective.

Proactive Innovation in a Prolonged Conflict Setting: Facing COVID-19 in a Specialized Cancer Hospital in Palestine 
Frontiers in Public Health, 1 April 2022 
This article studies Augusta Victoria Hospital (AVH)’s COVID-19-related preparedness measures.

Gender-Based Violence Experiences among Palestinian Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Professionals’ Perceptions and Concerns 
Conflict and Health, 4 April 2022 
This article explores mental health professionals’ perceptions and concerns on GBV (Gender Based Violence) among Palestinian women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reproduction of Palestinian Heterotopic Space: Encountering First Wave of Covid-19 in East Jerusalem 
Middle East Critique, 7 April 2022 
This article discusses how the Palestinians approached the pandemic within the context of occupation, and how they used their power to reproduce what Henri Lefebvre called heterotopic spaces. The aim is to shed light on the evolving role of civil society to support local action in dealing with a pandemic and to understand COVID-19 from peoples’ perspective rather than from a top-bottom lens in occupied cities. 

Attitudes and Acceptance of the Palestinian Population towards COVID-19 Health Precautions and Vaccinations: A Cross-Sectional Study 
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, 19 April 2022 
This article assesses the commitment to COVID-19 health precautions and vaccination willingness among the Palestinian population. It concludes that COVID-19 threat perception, high education level, and city residency predict more commitment to health precautions, in contrast to male students and unemployed participants. 


 

Qatar

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Chronic Urticaria and COVID-19 Vaccination: Qatar Data (preliminary report of COVAC-CU-international) 
Qatar Medical Journal, 4 April 2022 
This article evaluates the real-world (Qatar) experience of the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on patients with chronic urticaria and analyzes the rates of vaccine-associated reactions and risk factors associated.

Teaching in Times of Crisis: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Higher Education 
Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 10 April 2022 
This article studies the management of the transformation to online teaching as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds. Based on 16 interviews with educators from a university located in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, namely, Qatar, the authors present measures of support that contribute towards charting the path to the next normal.

COVID-19 Disease Severity in Children Infected with the Omicron Variant 
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 11 April 2022 
This article studies COVID-19 disease severity in children/adolescents infected with the Omicron variant. Conducted on a dataset from Qatar, the study concludes that Omicron variant infection in children/adolescents is associated with less severe disease than Delta variant infection as measured by hospitalization rates and need for ICU care or mechanical ventilation.

Characteristics and Obstetric Outcomes in Women With Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Qatar 
Cureus, 22 April 2022 
This article assesses the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases as they are considered to have a high risk of obstetric complications with the emergence of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

A 12-month Retrospective Study of Outcomes of COVID-19 Drive-Through Swabbing Hubs’ Screening of Asymptomatic Population in Qatar 
Journal of Global Health Reports, 25 April 2022 
This article seeks to estimate the point prevalence of COVID-19, testing positivity rates and risk factors associated with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity among asymptomatic people identified through active population surveillance in Qatar. It concludes that active community testing implemented through the PHCC’s drive-through swabbing hubs offers a valuable opportunity to identify asymptomatic COVID-19 cases and reduce the spread of the disease.


 

Saudi Arabia

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Social Stigma as an Outcome of the Cultural Repercussions toward COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia 
Cogent Social Sciences, 1 April 2022 
This article explores the impact of social stigma on people infected with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia and the factors that worsen the stigma against COVID-19 patients.

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Saudi Arabia 
Patient Preference and Adherence, 2 April 2022 
This article assesses the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and detect the factors that influence vaccine acceptance among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia.

An Appraisal of the Early Impact of COVID-19 on Affordable Housing Finance in Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 
International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 8 April 2022 
This study examines the relevance of affordable housing, the perceived impact of COVID-19 on affordable housing and proffered measures to promote affordable housing finance in Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia. 

Coagulation Profile in COVID-19 Patients and its Relation to Disease Severity and Overall Survival: A Single-Center Study 
British Journal of Biomedical Science, 8 April 2022  
This article investigates hemostatic changes in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and their relationship to disease severity and survival. This study included 284 patients with COVID-19 who attended the Security Forces Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Health Economic Burden of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia 
medRxiv, 13 April 2022 
This article provides real-world data on the health economic burden of COVID-19 on the Saudi health sector and assesses the direct medical costs associated with the management of COVID-19. 

Modeling the Effect of Lockdown and Social Distancing on the Spread of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia 
PLOS ONE, 14 April 2022 
This article formulates a mathematical model to study the impact of lockdown and social distancing measures on COVID-19 spread. It explores several scenarios to investigate the optimal application of these measures and address whether it is possible to rely solely on social distancing without imposing a lockdown.

Effectiveness of Using E-Learning Systems During COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: Experiences and Perceptions Analysis of Engineering Students 
Education and Information Technology, 19 April 2022 
This article analyzes and investigates the experiences and perceptions of using Blackboard as a distance learning (online) platform.

COVID-19 Reinfection: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Saudi Arabia  
Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 19 April 2022 
This article aims to evaluate the rate, risk factors, and severity of COVID-19 reinfection.

Hospital Length of Stay and Related Factors for COVID-19 Inpatients Among the Four Southern Regions Under the Proposed Southern Business Unit of Saudi Arabia 
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 20 April 2022 
This article assesses the length of stay (LoS) variation for COVID-19 inpatients among the four regions of the Southern Business Unit (SBU). It reveals that LoS (length of stay) was significantly impacted by region in the SBU in the KSA.

Persistent Symptoms Post-COVID-19: An Observational Study at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 
Cureus, 21 April 2022 
This article studies the type of persistent symptoms post-COVID-19 infection, their prevalence, and factors that play a role in developing the post-COVID-19 symptoms among COVID-19 patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Internship Preparedness among Students in Healthcare-Related Fields in the Covid-19 Era: Exploring the Attitude and Knowledge in Saudi Arabia 
Journal of Public Health Research, 27 April 2022 
This article studies students’ attitude toward and knowledge of COVID-19 and examine the predictors of their attitude toward hand hygiene.

COVID-19 Vaccines and Restrictions: Concerns and Opinions among Individuals in Saudi Arabia 
Healthcare, 28 April 2022 
This article examines concerns about COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia. It concludes that a high proportion of individuals in Saudi Arabia are concerned about possible side effects of COVID-19 vaccines, and many believe that unvaccinated individuals should not be restricted from participating in public life. 

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Community Pharmacists Toward Non-pharmaceutical Products in Saudi Arabia 
Frontiers in Public Health, 29 April 2022 
This article studies community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and practice toward non-pharmaceutical products. A total of 211 community pharmacists working in the Asir region, Saudi Arabia were included.


 

Somalia

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Data Innovation in Response to COVID-19 in Somalia: Application of a Syndromic Case Definition and Rapid Mortality Assessment Method 
Global Health Action, 4 April 2022 
This article aims to monitor the impact of COVID-19 on beneficiaries of a long-term cash transfer program in Somalia and assess the utility of a syndromic score case definition and rapid mortality surveillance tool.

Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury in Covid-19 Patients- Retrospective Single-Center Study 
Infection and Drug Resistance, 5 April 2022 
This article aims to determine the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients and also the relationship between inflammatory markers, the severity of lung involvement, and acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients. 

Evaluation of the electronic Early Warning and Response Network (EWARN) system in Somalia, 2017–2020 
Conflict and Health, 16 April 2022 
This article presents an assessment of the performance of the EWARN (Early Warning Alert and Response Network) in Somalia from January 2017 to December 2020, reflections on the successes and failures, and provides future perspectives for enhancement of the EWARN to effectively support an Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response strategy.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Pneumonia in Somalia 
Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, 25 April 2022 
This article seeks to determine the prevalence of CRF (cardiovascular risk factors) and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Somalia.


 

Sudan

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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Hesitancy, and Associated Factors among Medical Students in Sudan 
PLOS ONE, 7 April 2022 
This article aims to determine the acceptance and hesitancy of the COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among medical students in Sudan. It reveals a high level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students.


 

Syria

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Simulation of the Progression of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northwest Syria Using a Basic and Adjusted SIR Model 
Zoonotic Diseases, 1 April 2022 
This article investigates the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northwest Syria, a conflict-affected region, for nine months. The novelty of the study is provided by simulating the progress of the COVID-19 outbreak in conflict settings, as it is the first study to predict the dynamics of COVID-19 disease in Northwest Syria by adjusting for face-mask-wearing as a preventive measure to explore its impact on outbreak dynamics.


 

Tunisia

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Studying SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Hesitancy among Health Professionals in Tunisia 
BMC Health Services Research, 12 April 2022 
This article estimates the prevalence and the predictors of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among the Tunisian health professionals. Female sex, working far from the capital, and having concerns about the vaccines components predicted more hesitancy among participants. 

COVID-19 in Tunisia (North Africa): Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the General Population of the Capital City Tunis 
Diagnostics, 13 April 2022 
This article reports on the findings of the first serosurvey conducted in Tunis prior to the implementation of mass vaccination and analyzes factors associated with seropositivity. It states that more than one third of people living in Tunis obtained antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.

Tunisia: Covid-19 Vaccines and Access to Health in Rural Tunisia 
Amnesty International, 25 April 2022 
Amnesty International reports on many barriers preventing residents from getting their vaccines in a mountainous area by the Tunisian-Algerian border where the organization has conducted field research. They say that the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the weakness of right to health protections in Tunisia and particularly when it came to vaccine rollout programs and the marginalization of historically underserved rural regions of Tunisia. 


 

UAE

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Covid Diplomacy in the Era of Pandemic Response: The Case of United Arab Emirates  
Journal of International Women’s Studies, Date Unspecified 
This article explores how foreign aid and COVID-19 assistance, including medical supplies and COVID-19 vaccines’ supply, have created a new source of soft power for the UAE. It presents an overview of UAE’s history of humanitarianism, conceptual and theoretical framework, methodology, factors enabling UAE’s COVID diplomacy, and the UAE's contribution towards fighting COVID worldwide. 

The Impact of COVID-19 on Some Socio-Economic Sectors in the United Arab Emirates 
Open Journal of Social Sciences, Date Unspecified  
This article examines the impact of COVID-19 on multiple UAE governmental and non-governmental sectors such as the aviation sector, real estate market, tourism, and education.

Enhancing the Policing Response to COVID-19 with Media Engagement: The United Arab Emirates Experience 
Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 4 April 2022  
This article studies the role of media in the police response in relation to COVID-19 risk management in the UAE. The findings suggest pre-defined conducive legislative and institutional structure, professionalism of media and police, and collaborative approaches among implementing agencies contributed to the success of the early phase COVID-19 risk management in the UAE.

Outdoor Activity in the Daytime, but Not the Nighttime, Predicts Better Mental Health Status During the COVID-19 Curfew in the United Arab Emirates 
Frontiers in Public Health, 4 April 2022 
This study assesses the association between levels of daytime versus nighttime outdoor activity and mental health among a sample of UAE residents during the lockdown period. It reveals that daytime activity, but not nighttime activity, was associated with a lower risk of clinically significant depressive symptomatology.

 

 

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The Program on Arab Reform and Democracy (ARD) at CDDRL is pleased to announce the release of the April 2022 issue of Mofeed Digest, a periodic recap of the most important scholarly and policy publications, reports, and articles investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the politics, economies, and societies of the Arab world.

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