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Europe’s non-coercive form of global influence on technology governance faces new challenges and opportunities in the world of artificial intelligence regulations and governance. As the United States and China pursue divergent models of competition and control, Europe must evolve from exporting regulation to exercising genuine governance. The challenge is to transform regulatory strength into strategic capability, while balancing human rights, innovation, and digital sovereignty. By advancing a new Brussels Agenda grounded in values, institutional coherence, and multi-stakeholder collaboration, Europe can reaffirm its global role, demonstrating that ethical governance and technological ambition don’t need to be opposing forces in the age of intelligent systems.

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Designing Europe’s Future: AI as a Force of Good

AI is not just a technological tool; it is a transformative force that can make our societies more prosperous, sustainable, and free – if we dare to embrace it.

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Essay within "Designing Europe’s Future: AI as a Force of Good," published by the European Liberal Forum EUPF (ELF), edited by Francesco Cappelletti, Maartje Schulz, and Eloi Borgne.

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European Liberal Forum EUPF
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Charles Mok
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In an exciting development, the Industry-Wide Deliberative Forum convened by Stanford University’s Deliberative Democracy Lab is announcing the addition of two new companies — DoorDash and Microsoft — joining the group of technology companies Cohere, Meta, Oracle, and PayPal, advised by the Collective Intelligence Project in a collaborative effort to engage the public in shaping the future of AI agents. 

There is a gap between the development of technology, particularly AI, and the public's understanding of these advancements. This Forum is answering the question: what if the public could be more than just passive users of these technologies, but instead take an active role in shaping their progress? This growing group of technology companies is excited to engage in a collaborative approach to consulting the public on these complex issues. 

The inclusion of DoorDash and Microsoft speaks to the importance of this Forum and of engaging the public on the future of AI agents. "We believe the future of AI agents must be shaped thoughtfully, with meaningful public input. This forum provides an important platform to elevate diverse voices and guide the responsible development of AI that all businesses can benefit from,” said Chris Roberts, Director of Community Policy and Safety, at DoorDash

“We’re proud to support and participate in this effort.”

The Industry-Wide Deliberative Forum is set to take place in Fall 2025 and will be conducted on the AI-assisted Stanford Online Deliberation Platform. This Forum is rooted in deliberation, which involves bringing together representative samples of the public, presenting them with options and their associated tradeoffs, and encouraging them to reflect on both this education and their personal experiences. Research has shown that deliberative methods yield more thoughtful feedback for decision-makers, as individuals must consider the complexities of the issues at hand, rather than simply top-of-mind reactions.

“Microsoft is excited to join this cross-industry collaborative effort to better understand public perspectives on how to build the next generation of trustworthy AI systems,” Amanda Craig, Senior Director of Public Policy, Office of Responsible AI, Microsoft

The collaboration encourages thoughtful feedback rather than reactive opinions, ensuring that the public’s perspective is both informed and actionable. “Welcoming DoorDash and Microsoft to our collaborative table is an excellent opportunity to broaden the impact of our work,” said James Fishkin, Director of Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab. “This expansion embodies a shared commitment to collectively shaping our future with AI through public consultations that are both representative and thoughtful.”

Media Contact: Alice Siu, Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab

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Deliberative Democracy and the Ethical Challenges of Generative AI

CDDRL Research-in-Brief [4-minute read]
Deliberative Democracy and the Ethical Challenges of Generative AI
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Pennsylvania Voters Bridge Deep Political Divides, Reduce Polarization in Groundbreaking Deliberative Polling® Event

America in One Room: Pennsylvania brings together a representative sample of registered Pennsylvania voters for a statewide Deliberative Poll in this crucial swing state, revealing surprising common ground and public opinion shifts on issues from immigration to healthcare to democratic reform.
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Industry-Wide Deliberative Forum Invites Public to Weigh In on the Future of AI Agents

There is a significant gap between what technology, especially AI technology, is being developed and the public's understanding of such technologies. We must ask: what if the public were not just passive recipients of these technologies, but active participants in guiding their evolution?
Industry-Wide Deliberative Forum Invites Public to Weigh In on the Future of AI Agents
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The inclusion of these companies in the Industry-Wide Deliberative Forum, convened by Stanford University’s Deliberative Democracy Lab, speaks to its importance and the need to engage the public on the future of AI agents.

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CDDRL Honors Student, 2025-26
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Major: Political Science
Hometown: Naperville, Illinois
Thesis Advisor: Jonathan Rodden

Tentative Thesis Title: Broadband for All: Historical Lessons and International Models for U.S. Internet Policy

Future aspirations post-Stanford: After completing my master's in computer science, I hope to go to law school and work in technology law.

A fun fact about yourself: I started lion dancing when I came to college!

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Encina Hall, C151
616 Jane Stanford Way
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

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Associate Professor, Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver
CDDRL Visiting Scholar, 2025-26
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Oliver Kaplan is an Associate Professor at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver. He is the author of the book, Resisting War: How Communities Protect Themselves (Cambridge University Press, 2017), which examines how civilian communities organize to protect themselves from wartime violence. He is a co-editor and contributor to the book, Speaking Science to Power: Responsible Researchers and Policymaking (Oxford University Press, 2024). Kaplan has also published articles on the conflict-related effects of land reforms and ex-combatant reintegration and recidivism. As part of his research, Kaplan has conducted fieldwork in Colombia and the Philippines.

Kaplan was a Jennings Randolph Senior Fellow at the U.S. Institute of Peace and previously a postdoctoral Research Associate at Princeton University and at Stanford University. His research has been funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Smith Richardson Foundation, and other grants. His work has been published in The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of Peace Research, Conflict Management and Peace Science, Stability, The New York Times, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, CNN, and National Interest.

At the University of Denver, Kaplan is Director of the Korbel Asylum Project (KAP). He has taught M.A.-level courses on Human Rights and Foreign Policy, Peacebuilding in Civil Wars, Civilian Protection, and Human Rights Research Methods, and PhD-level courses on Social Science Research Methods. Kaplan received his Ph.D. in political science from Stanford University and completed his B.A. at UC San Diego.

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There is a significant gap between what technology, especially AI technology, is being developed and the public's understanding of such technologies. We must ask: what if the public were not just passive recipients of these technologies, but active participants in guiding their evolution?

A group of technology companies convened by Stanford University’s Deliberative Democracy Lab will gather public feedback about complex questions the AI industry is considering while developing AI agents. This convening includes Cohere, Meta, Oracle, and PayPal, advised by the Collective Intelligence Project.

This Industry-Wide Forum brings together everyday people to weigh in on tech policy and product development decisions where there are difficult tradeoffs with no simple answers. Technology development is moving so quickly, there is no better time than right now to engage the public in understanding what an informed public would like AI technologies to do for them. This Forum is designed based on Stanford's method of Deliberative Polling, a governance innovation that empowers the public’s voices to have a greater say in decision-making. This Forum will take place in Fall 2025. Findings from this Forum will be made public, and Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab will hold webinars for the public to learn and inquire about the findings.

"We're proud to be a founding participant in this initiative alongside Stanford and other AI leaders," said Saurabh Baji, CTO of Cohere. "This collaborative approach is central to enhancing trust in agentic AI and paving the way for strengthened cross-industry standards for this technology. We're looking forward to working together to shape the future of how agents serve enterprises and people."

In the near term, AI Agents will be expected to conduct a myriad of transactions on behalf of users, opening up considerable opportunities to offer great value as well as significant risks. This Forum will improve product market fit by giving companies foresight into what users want from AI Agents; it will help build trust and legitimacy with users; and it will strengthen cross-industry relations in support of industry standards development over time.

"We support The Forum for its deliberative and collaborative approach to shaping public discourse around AI agents," said Prakhar Mehrotra, SVP of AI at PayPal. "Responsibility and trust are core business principles for PayPal, and through collaborative efforts like these, we seek to encourage valuable perspectives that can help shape the future of agentic commerce."

The Forum will be conducted on the AI-assisted Stanford Online Deliberation Platform, a collaboration between Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab and Crowdsourced Democracy Team, where a cross-section of the public will deliberate in small groups and share their perspectives, their lived experiences, and their expectations for AI products. This deliberation platform has hosted Meta’s Community Forums over the past few years. The Forum will also incorporate insights from CIP's Global Dialogues, conducted on the Remesh platform.

“Community Forums provide us with people’s considered feedback, which helps inform how we innovate,” said Rob Sherman, Meta’s Vice President, AI Policy & Deputy Chief Privacy Officer. “We look forward to the insights from this cross-industry partnership, which will provide a deeper understanding of people’s views on cutting-edge technology.”

This methodology is rooted in deliberation, which provides representative samples of the public with baseline education on a topic, including options with associated tradeoffs, and asks them to reflect on that education as well as their lived experience. Deliberative methods have been found to offer more considered feedback to decision-makers because people have to weigh the complexity of an issue rather than offering a knee-jerk reaction.

"This industry-wide deliberative forum represents a crucial step in democratizing the discourse around AI agents, ensuring that the public's voice is heard in a representative and thoughtful way as we collectively shape the future of this transformative technology," said James Fishkin, Director of Stanford's Deliberative Democracy Lab.

This Industry-Wide Forum represents a pivotal step in responsible AI development, bringing together technology companies and the public to address complex challenges in AI agent creation. By leveraging Stanford's Deliberative Polling methodology and making findings publicly available, the initiative promises to shape the future of AI with enhanced transparency, trust, and user-centric focus. Find out more about Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab at deliberation.stanford.edu.

Media Contact: Alice Siu, Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab

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Meta and Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab Release Results from Second Community Forum on Generative AI

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Navigating the Future of AI: Insights from the Second Meta Community Forum

A multinational Deliberative Poll unveils the global public's nuanced views on AI chatbots and their integration into society.
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Results of First Global Deliberative Poll® Announced by Stanford’s Deliberative Democracy Lab

More than 6,300 deliberators from 32 countries and nine regions around the world participated in the Metaverse Community Forum on Bullying and Harassment.
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There is a significant gap between what technology, especially AI technology, is being developed and the public's understanding of such technologies. We must ask: what if the public were not just passive recipients of these technologies, but active participants in guiding their evolution?

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In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, increasing political polarization, and democratic backsliding, reimagining democracy requires innovative approaches that foster meaningful public engagement. Over the last 30 years, Deliberative Polling has proven to be a successful method of public consultation to enhance civic participation and informed decision-making. In recent years, the implementation of online Deliberative Polling using the AI-assisted Stanford Online Deliberation Platform, a groundbreaking automated platform designed to scale simultaneous and synchronous deliberation efforts to millions, has put deliberative societies within reach. By examining two compelling case studies—Foreign Policy by Canadians and the Metaverse Community Forum—this paper highlights how technology can empower diverse voices, facilitate constructive dialogue, and cultivate a more vibrant democratic process. This paper demonstrates that leveraging technology in deliberation not only enhances public discourse but also paves the way for a more inclusive and participatory democracy.
 

About "Deliberative Approaches to Inclusive Governance: An Essay Series Part of the Democratic Legitimacy for AI Initiative"


Democracy has undergone profound changes over the past decade, shaped by rapid technological, social, and political transformations. Across the globe, citizens are demanding more meaningful and sustained engagement in governance—especially around emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), which increasingly shape the contours of public life.

From world-leading experts in deliberative democracy, civic technology, and AI governance we introduce a seven-part essay series exploring how deliberative democratic processes like citizen’s assemblies and civic tech can strengthen AI governance. The essays follow from a workshop on “Democratic Legitimacy for AI: Deliberative Approaches to Inclusive Governance” held in Vancouver in March 2025, in partnership with Simon Fraser University’s Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue. The series and workshop were generously supported by funding from the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Mila, and Simon Fraser University’s Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue

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Part of "Deliberative Approaches to Inclusive Governance: An Essay Series Part of the Democratic Legitimacy for AI Initiative," produced by the Centre for Media, Technology and Democracy.

Authors
Alice Siu
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Centre for Media, Technology and Democracy
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In October 2024, Meta, in collaboration with the Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab, implemented the third Meta Community Forum. This Community Forum expanded on the October 2023 deliberations regarding Generative AI. For this Community Forum, the participants deliberated on ‘how should AI agents provide proactive, personalized experiences for users?’ and ‘how should AI agents and users interact?’ Since the last Community Forum, the development of Generative AI has moved beyond AI chatbots and users have begun to explore the use of AI agents — a type of AI that can respond to written or verbal prompts by performing actions for you, or on your behalf. And beyond text-generating AI, users have begun to explore multimodal AI, where tools are able to generate content images, videos, and audio as well. The growing landscape of Generative AI raises more questions about users’ preferences when it comes to interacting with AI agents. This Community Forum focused deliberations on how interactive and proactive AI agents should be when engaging with users. Participants considered a variety of tradeoffs regarding consent, transparency, and human-like behaviors of AI agents. These deliberations shed light on what users are thinking now amidst the changing technology landscape in Generative AI.

For this deliberation, nearly 900 participants from five countries: India, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Turkey, participated in this deliberative event. The samples of each of these countries were recruited independently, so this Community Forum should be seen as five independent deliberations. In addition, 1,033 persons participated in the control group, where the participants did not deliberate in any discussions; the control group only completed the two surveys, pre and post. The main purpose of the control group is to demonstrate that any changes that occur after deliberation are a result of the deliberative event.

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April 2025

Authors
James S. Fishkin
Alice Siu
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We are on the verge of a revolution in public sector decision-making processes, where computers will take over many of the governance tasks previously assigned to human bureaucrats. Governance decisions based on algorithmic information processing are increasing in numbers and scope, contributing to decisions that impact the lives of individual citizens. While significant attention in the recent few years has been devoted to normative discussions on fairness, accountability, and transparency related to algorithmic decision-making based on artificial intelligence, less is known about citizens’ considered views on this issue. To put society in-the-loop, a Deliberative Poll was thus carried out on the topic of using artificial intelligence in the public sector, as a form of in-depth public consultation. The three use cases that were selected for deliberation were refugee reallocation, a welfare-to-work program, and parole. A key finding was that after having acquired more knowledge about the concrete use cases, participants were overall more supportive of using artificial intelligence in the decision processes. The event was set up with a pretest/post-test control group experimental design, and as such, the results offer experimental evidence to extant observational studies showing positive associations between knowledge and support for using artificial intelligence.

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AI & SOCIETY
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James S. Fishkin
Alice Siu
Authors
Nora Sulots
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The Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab, housed within the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI), in collaboration with Meta and the Behavioral Insights Team, has unveiled the results of the Meta Community Forum on Generative AI, based on the method of Deliberative Polling®. This groundbreaking event, part of a series of efforts by Meta to consult the public, engaged 1,545 participants in scientific samples from Brazil, Germany, Spain, and the United States. In each country, it offered the public’s views, both before and after deliberation, about future directions for the development of AI chatbots and how they should interact with humans.

“AI poses novel challenges, and these four national experiments revealed the public’s considered judgments about what it should — or should not — be able to use it for. National samples grappled with the pros and cons of each proposal and had their questions answered by panels of competing experts. This report shows what they concluded,” said James Fishkin, Senior Fellow at FSI and Director of the Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab.

AI poses novel challenges, and these four national experiments revealed the public’s considered judgments about what it should — or should not — be able to use it for.
James Fishkin
Director, Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab

Much of the agenda focused on specific proposals answering ten basic questions, including:

  • Which sources should AI chatbots draw information from?
  • Should AI chatbots use the user’s past conversations to improve user experience?
  • Should AI chatbots use the user’s online activity to personalize interactions?
  • Should AI chatbots be designed to be human-like?
  • Should users be allowed to use AI chatbots for romantic relationships?


The deliberators in each country were convened on the Stanford Online Deliberation Platform, developed by the Stanford Crowdsourced Democracy Team. This platform is AI-assisted and moderates video-based discussions in small groups of ten. 

Participants noted a generally positive impact of AI, with an increase in positive perceptions post-forum. "This shift in viewpoint, especially notable among those previously unfamiliar with AI, underscores the value of informed discussion in shaping public opinion," remarked Alice Siu, Senior Research Scholar at FSI and Associate Director of the Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab.

The forum's methodical approach, with deliberations in 166 small groups and a separate control group for each country, ensured that the outcomes accurately reflected the effects of the deliberative process. Findings indicated that users and non-users of AI began to bridge their differences, aligning closer in their attitudes towards AI after the forum.

Siu also emphasized the significance of the event’s feedback, noting that "the high ratings from participants affirm the forum’s success in making complex discussions accessible and relevant. It is an encouraging sign for the future of democratic engagement with technology."

The Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab is dedicated to deepening our understanding of deliberative democracy processes and their application to critical contemporary issues like AI. The insights from this forum will inform ongoing research and policy recommendations, ensuring that AI evolves in a manner that considers diverse values and voices across the globe.

The project report is available below:

For detailed information on the forum’s conclusions or forthcoming projects, please reach out to James Fishkin (Director, Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab) or Alice Siu (Associate Director, Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab) or visit the Deliberative Democracy Lab website.

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New National Deliberative Poll Shows Bipartisan Support for Polarizing Issues Affecting American Democracy

"America in One Room: Democratic Reform" polled participants before and after deliberation to gauge their opinions on democratic reform initiatives, including voter access and voting protections, non-partisan election administration, protecting against election interference, Supreme Court reform, and more. The results show many significant changes toward bipartisan agreement, even on the most contentious issues.
New National Deliberative Poll Shows Bipartisan Support for Polarizing Issues Affecting American Democracy
Alice Siu delivers a TEDxStanford talk
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Deliberative Polling: A Path to Bridging Divides

In a TEDxStanford talk, Alice Siu discusses how applying and spreading deliberative democracy can better engage us all in our shared public problems.
Deliberative Polling: A Path to Bridging Divides
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Chatbot powered by AI. Photo: Da-Kuk / Getty Images
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A multinational Deliberative Poll unveils the global public's nuanced views on AI chatbots and their integration into society.

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The Stanford Deliberative Democracy Lab, in collaboration with Meta and the Behavioral Insights Team, has unveiled the results of the second Meta Community Forum, based on the method of Deliberative Polling. This groundbreaking event engaged 1,545 participants from Brazil, Germany, Spain, and the United States. In each country, it offered the public’s views, both before and after deliberation, about future directions for the development of AI chatbots and how they should interact with humans.

The Deliberative Democracy Lab (DDL) at Stanford University is housed within the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies.

The Crowdsourced Democracy Team (CDT) at Stanford University is housed within the Department of Management Science and Engineering.

Report Contributors (in alphabetical order): Samuel Chang, Estelle Ciesla, Michael Finch, James Fishkin, Lodewijk Gelauff, Ashish Goel, Ricky Hernandez Marquez, Shoaib Mohammed, and Alice Siu.

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"What principles should guide generative AI’s engagement with users?"

Authors
James S. Fishkin
Lodewijk L. Gelauff
Alice Siu
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