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Francis Fukuyama
Journal Articles
The obsolescing bargain crosses the Belt and Road Initiative: renegotiations on BRI projects
Michael Bennon, Francis Fukuyama
Oxford Review of Economic Policy,
2022
May 18, 2022
A study examining the BRI through the lens of the obsolescing bargain to evaluate the practices of China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and policy banks in mitigating political risk.
Books
Liberalism and Its Discontents
Francis Fukuyama
2022
May 10, 2022
A short book about the challenges to liberalism from the right and the left by the bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order.
Journal Articles
The Future of Platform Power: Solving for a Moving Target
Francis Fukuyama
Journal of Democracy,
2021
July 1, 2021
This essay is a part of an exchange based on Francis Fukuyama’s “Making the Internet Safe for Democracy” from the April 2021 issue of the Journal of Democracy.
Journal Articles
Making the Internet Safe for Democracy
Francis Fukuyama
Journal of Democracy,
2021
April 1, 2021
The power of large internet platforms to amplify or silence certain voices at a scale that can alter major political outcomes poses a grave threat to democracy.
Working Papers
Government Quality and State Capacity: Survey Results from Brazil
Ana Karine Pereira, Raphael Amorim Machado, Pedro Luiz Costa Cavalcante, Alexandra de Avile Gomide, Amanda Gomes Magalhaes, Isabella de Araujo Goellner, Roberto Rocha Coelho Pires, Katherine Bersch, Alan Ricardo da Silva
2021
February 23, 2021
Journal Articles
What Would a Second Trump Term Do to the Federal Bureaucracy?
Francis Fukuyama,
Francis Fukuyama
Washington Monthly,
2020
April 1, 2020
American public service is under grave threat. It has been heavily politicized during the first Trump term, and in a second may deteriorate rapidly as cronyism, corruption, and incompetence become the new norms.
Journal Articles
30 Years of World Politics: What Has Changed?
Francis Fukuyama
2020
January 21, 2020
Since the publication of the Journal of Democracy began in 1990, the political climate has shifted from one of democratic gains and optimism to what Larry Diamond labels a “democratic recession.” Underlying these changes has been a reorientation of the major axis of political polarization, from a left-right divide defined largely in economic terms toward a politics based on identity. In a second major shift, technological development has had unexpected effects—including that of facilitating the rise of identity-based social fragmentation.
Working Papers
IMMIGRATION AND POPULISM IN CANADA, AUSTRALIA, AND THE UNITED STATES
Francis Fukuyama,
Francis Fukuyama, Naz Gocek
2019
July 17, 2019
In the second decade of the 21st century, the world experienced the rise of a global populist movement built around ethnic nationalism and hostility to foreigners and immigration. This movement has been led by the United States after the election of Donald J. Trump as President in 2016, and today includes leaders in Turkey, Hungary, Poland, Italy, Brazil, and a host of parties throughout Europe that challenge the liberal international order. Canada, Australia, and the United States are three former British colonies that were settled by successive waves of immigrants from abroad.
Working Papers
HOW THE BELT AND ROAD GAINED STEAM: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS OF CHINA’S RISE IN GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Francis Fukuyama, Michael Bennon, Bushra Bataineh
2019
May 13, 2019
Western observers have raised concerns over the rise and now predominance of Chinese state-backed bilateral lending in international infrastructure development. These range from China's growing geopolitical influence to the increasingly unsustainable debt levels of some of the nations receiving investments as part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In fact the BRI today is simply the next phase of a decades-long shift in the infrastructure sector towards China and away from traditional western development lending institutions.
Books
Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment
Francis Fukuyama
2018
August 15, 2018
In 2014, Francis Fukuyama wrote that American institutions were in decay, as the state was progressively captured by powerful interest groups. Two years later, his predictions were borne out by the rise to power of a series of political outsiders whose economic nationalism and authoritarian tendencies threatened to destabilize the entire international order.
Journal Articles
The Populist Surge
Francis Fukuyama,
Francis Fukuyama
The American Interest,
2018
February 9, 2018
Trumpist populism could easily linger longer than most people readily assume. This article defines populism and gives three reasons why we are seeing the rise of populist nationalism now, in the second half of the 2010s. Those reasons are economic, political, and cultural. It also addresses the future of populism at home and abroad.
Journal Articles
The Last English Civil War
Francis Fukuyama
2018
January 12, 2018
This essay examines why England experienced a civil war every fifty years from the Norman Conquest up until the Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689, and was completely stable after that point.
Working Papers
Reassessing the Quality of Government in China
Francis Fukuyama, Margaret Boittin, Gregory Distelhorst
CDDRL Working Papers,
2016
December 2, 2016
How should the quality of government be measured across disparate national contexts? This study develops a new approach using an original survey of Chinese civil servants and a comparison to the United States. We surveyed over 2,500 Chinese municipal officials on three organizational features of their bureaucracies: meritocracy, individual autonomy, and morale. They report greater meritocracy than U.S. federal employees in almost all American agencies. China's edge is smaller in autonomy and markedly smaller in morale. Differences between the U.S.
Working Papers
Reflections on Chinese Governance
Francis Fukuyama,
Francis Fukuyama
CDDRL Working Papers,
2016
February 26, 2016
Abstract
I am very happy to have the opportunity to revisit my ideas about Chinese governance, and to offer some speculations about its future.
Journal Articles
Politics of Budgeting
Francis Fukuyama
2015
October 23, 2015
Francis Fukuyama discusses Congress's dysfunctional budgetary politics in "The American Interest", asking why the United States is one of the only advanced democracies under constant threat of government shutdown. Given America's peculiar institutions, technical and institutional reforms to the budgeting process may be limited in their impact.
Journal Articles
Why is Democracy Performing So Poorly?
Francis Fukuyama,
Francis Fukuyama
Journal of Democracy,
2015
January 14, 2015
Books
Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy
Francis Fukuyama,
Francis Fukuyama
2014
September 30, 2014
Book Description
Writing in The New York Time Book review, Michael Lind described The Origins of Political Order as "a major achievement by one of the leading public intellectuals of our time." Fukuyama completes the most important work of political thought in at least a generation. Taking up the essential question of how societies develop strong, impersonal, and accountable political institutions, Fukuyama follows the story from the Industrial Revolution to the globalization of democracy, from the rise of the Prussian bureaucratic state to the so-called Arab Spring and the deep dysfunctions of contemporary American politics. He examines the effects of corruption on governance and explains why only some societies have been successful at rooting it out. He explores the different legacies of colonialism in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, and offers a clear-eyed account of why certain regions have thrived and developed more quickly than others. And he boldly reckons with the future of democracy in the face of a rising global middle class and entrenched political paralysis in the West.
A sweeping, masterful account of the struggle to create a well-functioning modern state, Political Order and Political Decay is destined to be a classic.
Francis Fukuyama discusses the central argument and main themes behind his new volume, "Political Order and Political Decay."
About the Author
Francis Fukuyama is the Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow at Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. He has previously taught at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University and at the George Mason University School of Public Policy. Fukuyama was a researcher at the RAND Corporation and served as the deputy director for the State Department’s policy planning staff. He is the author of The Origins of Political Order, The End of History and the Last Man, Trust, and America at the Crossroads, among other books. He lives with his wife in California.
Working Papers
What is Governance?
Francis Fukuyama
2013
February 1, 2013
This paper points to the poor state of empirical measures of the quality of states, that is, executive branches and their bureaucracies. Much of the problem is conceptual, since there is very little agreement on what constitutes high-quality government. The paper suggests four approaches: (1) procedural measures, such as the Weberian criteria of bureaucratic modernity; (2) capacity measures, which include both resources and degree of professionalization; (3) output measures; and (4) measures of bureaucratic autonomy.
Journal Articles
The Patterns of History
Francis Fukuyama
The Journal of Democracy,
2012
January 1, 2012
Journal Articles
American Political Dysfunction
Francis Fukuyama
The American Interest,
2011
November 1, 2011
Books
The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution
Francis Fukuyama
Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux,
2011
April 12, 2011
Virtually all human societies were once organized tribally, yet over time most developed new political institutions which included a central state that could keep the peace and uniform laws that applied to all citizens. Some went on to create governments that were accountable to their citizens. We take these institutions for granted, but they are absent or are unable to perform in many of today's developing countries-with often disastrous consequences for the rest of the world.
Policy Briefs
New Day New Way: U.S. Foreign Assistance for the 21st Century
Michael A. McFaul, Larry Diamond, Steve Radelet, Gayle Smith, Brian Atwood, David Beckmann, Lael Brainard, Francis Fukuyama, George Ingram, Carol Lancaster, Charles MacCormack, Larry Nowels, Ray Offenheiser, Stewart Patrick, William Reese, Sam Worthington
Modernizing Foreign Assistance Network,
2008
June 1, 2008
U.S. foreign assistance—the rationale behind it, the amount we give, its orientation and organization—has changed dramatically in the last decade. These changes have challenged its efficacy but have also created new opportunities to modernize U.S. foreign assistance. The importance of supporting development and reducing poverty abroad are understood now as never before to be both moral imperatives and prerequisites for sustained U.S. national security.
Policy Briefs
Should Democracy Be Promoted or Demoted?
Michael A. McFaul, Francis Fukuyama
Washington Quarterly,
2007
January 1, 2007
Francis Fukuyama and Michael McFaul present an argument for continued American efforts to promote democracy and a plan to strengthen policy tools for those efforts. They advocate a concept of dual-track diplomacy and the creation of a new Cabinet-level department of development, with distinct resources and programs for democracy promotion.
Books
What Went Wrong and Right in Iraq
Larry Diamond, Francis Fukuyama
Johns Hopkins University Press in "Nation-Building: Beyond Afghanistan and Iraq", Francis Fukuyama, ed.,
2005
December 31, 2005
Bestselling author Francis Fukuyama brings together esteemed academics, political analysts, and practitioners to reflect on the U.S. experience with nation-building, from its historical underpinnings to its modern-day consequences. The United States has sought on repeated occasions to reconstruct states damaged by conflict, from Reconstruction in the South after the Civil War to Japan and Germany after World War II, to the ongoing rebuilding of Iraq.